ArticleSchizophrenia research2020
Immuno-inflammatory changes across phases of early psychosis: The impact of antipsychotic medication and stage of illness.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory cytokine alterations in genetic and clinical high risk groups of psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Differential effect of cannabis use and antipsychotic medication on extracellular free-water in the brain of individuals with early psychosis and controls.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Machine learning helps predict early onset psychosis with serum protein biomarkers, neuropsychometry, and clinicodemographic data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Pathobiological Underpinnings of Psychosis: From the Stress-Related Hypothesis to a Multisystemic Approach.NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Peripheral BDNF Levels in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Peripheral and central biomarkers associated with inflammation in antipsychotic naïve first episode psychosis: Pilot studies.Schizophrenia research · 2024Article
- Development of an anti-inflammatory diet for first-episode psychosis (FEP): a feasibility study protocol.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Systemic inflammation and cortical neurochemistry in never-medicated first episode-psychosis individuals.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Association of Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers and Growth Factors Levels with Sex, Therapy and Other Clinical Factors in Schizophrenia and Patient Stratification Based on These Data.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- The Influence of Antipsychotic Treatment on the Activity of Abzymes Targeting Myelin and Levels of Inflammation Markers in Patients with Schizophrenia.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Serum Inflammatory Markers and Their Associations with the Integrity of the Cingulum Bundle in Schizophrenia, from Prodromal Stages to Chronic Psychosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- A redux of schizophrenia research in 2021.Schizophrenia research · 2022Article
- Peripheral Blood Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients with First Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- IL-17 and TNF-β: Predictive biomarkers for transition to psychosis in ultra-high risk individuals.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Network Association of Biochemical and Inflammatory Abnormalities With Psychiatric Symptoms in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- An Overview on the Epidemiology and Immunology of COVID-19.Journal of infection and public health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionResearch examining the role of inflammation in psychosis has produced inconsistent results. Variables that influence inflammation, including antipsychotic medication, are inconsistently controlled across studies and variation of inflammatory analytes across stages of psychosis may also influence findings. The purpose of this study was to assess for evidence of immuno-inflammatory dysregulation across the stages of early psychosis. We examined a immuno-inflammatory analytes in subjects at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing a psychotic disorder, antipsychotic-naïve (-n) and antipsychotic treated (-a) subjects in their first episode of psychosis (FEP), and healthy control (HC) subjects.
methodsA total of 11 subjects at CHR, 50 subjects within their FEP (40 FEP-n, 10 FEP-a), and 10 HC subjects were recruited from early psychosis programs in San Diego and Mexico City. Plasma was collected for biomarker assay.
resultsImmuno-inflammatory analytes significantly differed between groups: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Eotaxin-1, Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein-10 (IP-10), Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1), Macrophage-Derived Chemokine (MDC), Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), Thymus and Activation Regulated Chemokine (TARC), and Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF). Post-hoc analyses revealed an overall pattern of higher levels of IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, TARC, and BDNF in CHR as compared to FEP-a, FEP-n, and HC subjects.
conclusionsResults reveal a profile of immuno-inflammatory dysregulation in early stages of psychosis prior to psychotic conversion and treatment with antipsychotic medication. The CHR phase of early psychosis may represent a period of increased immuno-inflammatory activation, but due to limited sample size, these results deserve replication in a well characterized early psychosis population.
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