SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2020
The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 479 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
479 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 2. Current status of cardiac arrest and the chain of survival.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- Effect of laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Population-level association of layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Vasopressin Against Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Mobile applications enhance out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Feasibility of implementing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a middle-income country: systematic review and cardiac arrest case series.Critical care science · 2025Pooled it
- Resuscitation on the field of play: a best-practice guideline from Resuscitation Council UK.British journal of sports medicine · 2024Guideline
- Prehospital resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (REBOARREST): an international, multicentre, open label, pragmatic, randomised, controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Superior-head automated external defibrillator placement during single-rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomized crossover simulation study and retrospective multicenter cohort.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Does heart rate variability predict and improve performance in pediatric CPR?-a simulation study.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Trial
- Designing and implementing the first national CPR championship in Greece: the "KIDS SAVE LIVES - TA PAIDIA SOZOUN ZOES" experience.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Differences in the rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resulting in favourable neurological outcomes according to the regional deprivation index.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Association between destination hospital level and outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients under a dispatch-guided transport system: a population-based study in Nagoya, Japan.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Prediction of Neurological Outcome and Mortality in Cardiac Arrest Patients: An Explainable Machine Learning Study Integrating HRV, EEG, and Clinical Features.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Endovascular resuscitation: an expert practice review.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2026Review
- Incidence and epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Upper Austria : A multicenter, retrospective cohort study.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Assessment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills using a clinical simulation approach among emergency medical personnel of the Kerman Emergency and Incident Management Center.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in time to shock delivery in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Impact of pre-arrest glycemic state induced by prolonged fasting on defibrillation requirements: a prospective porcine model of ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Age-Dependent Benefit of ECPR in OHCA: An Interaction Analysis.Chonnam medical journal · 2026Article
419 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo quantitatively summarize the available epidemiological evidence on the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
methodsWe systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and the references of retrieved articles were manually reviewed to identify studies reporting the outcome of OHCA patients who received CPR. The overall incidence and outcome of OHCA were assessed using a random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsA total of 141 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was 29.7% (95% CI 27.6-31.7%), the rate of survival to hospital admission was 22.0% (95% CI 20.7-23.4%), the rate of survival to hospital discharge was 8.8% (95% CI 8.2-9.4%), the pooled 1-month survival rate was 10.7% (95% CI 9.1-13.3%), and the 1-year survival rate was 7.7% (95% CI 5.8-9.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that survival to hospital discharge was more likely among OHCA patients whose cardiac arrest was witnessed by a bystander or emergency medical services (EMS) (10.5%; 95% CI 9.2-11.7%), who received bystander CPR (11.3%, 95% CI 9.3-13.2%), and who were living in Europe and North America (Europe 11.7%; 95% CI 10.5-13.0%; North America: 7.7%; 95% CI 6.9-8.6%). The survival to discharge (8.6% in 1976-1999 vs. 9.9% in 2010-2019), 1-month survival (8.0% in 2000-2009 vs. 13.3% in 2010-2019), and 1-year survival (8.0% in 2000-2009 vs. 13.3% in 2010-2019) rates of OHCA patients who underwent CPR significantly increased throughout the study period. The Egger's test did not indicate evidence of publication bias for the outcomes of OHCA patients who underwent CPR.
conclusionsThe global survival rate of OHCA patients who received CPR has increased in the past 40 years. A higher survival rate post-OHCA is more likely among patients who receive bystander CPR and who live in Western countries.
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