ReviewNeurobiology of disease2020
Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE.
Review in Neurobiology of disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- ApoE4 associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes via downregulation of ACE2 and imbalanced RAS pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Dyslipidaemia as Sequelae of COVID-19 Infection-Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in the presence of autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Trial
- Genetics of MASLD: a diabetes perspective.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Association of apolipoprotein E gene with risk, cognition, and prognosis of epilepsy.Human genetics · 2026Article
- ApoE4 as a Therapeutic Target in Epilepsy: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Precision Medicine.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Apolipoprotein E (Genes · 2026Article
- CREBZF/c-Jun modulates ApoE-mediated cholesterol transport to influence female steroid hormone synthesis.Zoological research · 2026Article
- APOE ε4 influences the widespread TDP-43 pathological subtype in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Current Understanding of Circulating Apolipoprotein E-Containing High-Density Lipoproteins and Their Clinical Utility in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment.Yonago acta medica · 2026Review
- The utility of aqueous and serum apolipoprotein E and galectin-3 as biomarkers of neuroinflammation in glaucoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- ApoE-Dependent Lipid Handling by Median Eminence Microglia Preserves Myelin Integrity and Metabolic Function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Huntingtin knockdown dysregulates autophagic degradation of Apolipoprotein E.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2026Article
- Ginkgolide as a Promising Multi-Target Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting ApoE4 and Beyond.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Article
- ApoE expression across the CNS: Who, What, Where, When, and How (much)?Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Review
- Article
- A machine learning framework for classifying dementia risk in mild cognitive impairment: evidence from a Korean genome-wide association study cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- APOE ε4 carriers share immune-related proteomic changes across neurodegenerative diseases.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein synthesized and secreted by multiple mammalian tissues. Although hepatocytes contribute about 75% of the peripheral pool, APOE can also be expressed in adipose tissue, the kidney, and the adrenal glands, among other tissues. High levels of APOE production also occur in the brain, where it is primarily synthesized by glia, and peripheral and brain APOE pools are thought to be distinct. In humans, APOE is polymorphic, with three major alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4). These allelic forms dramatically alter APOE structure and function. Historically, the vast majority of research on APOE has centered on the important role it plays in modulating risk for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, the established effects of this pleiotropic protein extend well beyond these two critical health challenges, with demonstrated roles across a wide spectrum of biological conditions, including adipose tissue function and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, fertility and longevity, and immune function. While the spectrum of biological systems in which APOE plays a role seems implausibly wide at first glance, there are some potential unifying mechanisms that could tie these seemingly disparate disorders together. In the current review, we aim to concisely summarize a wide breadth of APOE-associated pathologies and to analyze the influence of APOE in the development of several distinct disorders in order to provide insight into potential shared mechanisms implied in these various pathophysiological processes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.