ArticleInternational journal of cancer2020
Landscape of combination therapy trials in breast cancer brain metastasis.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cruciferous Vegetables, Bioactive Metabolites, and Microbiome for Breast Cancer Prevention.Annual review of nutrition · 2025Review
- Combining Top-Down and Bottom-Up: An Open Microfluidic Microtumor Model for Investigating Tumor Cell-ECM Interaction and Anti-Metastasis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Review
- Clinico-pathologic factors and survival of patients with breast cancer diagnosed with de novo brain metastasis: a national cancer database analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Brain Radiotherapy Combined with Targeted Therapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2024Article
- New insights of miRNA molecular mechanisms in breast cancer brain metastasis and therapeutic targets.Non-coding RNA research · 2023Article
- Pyrotinib-based therapeutic approaches for HER2-positive breast cancer: the time is now.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Review
- Vaccines in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Breakthroughs.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Primary assessment of medicines for expected migrastatic potential with holographic incoherent quantitative phase imaging.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
- Review
- Cognitive changes are associated with increased blood-brain barrier leakage in non-brain metastases lung cancer patients.Brain imaging and behavior · 2023Article
- Pyrotinib combining with radiotherapy on breast cancer with brain metastasis.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Article
- An Insight into Molecular Targets of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Current Molecular Combination Therapies Used for the Treatment of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Clinical Trials in Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery: Assessing Trial Characteristics, Early Discontinuation, Result Reporting, and Publication.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2022Article
- Tumour invasion and dissemination.Biochemical Society transactions · 2022Review
- Co-delivery systems: hope for clinical application?Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Review
- The effect of cisplatin-low-level laser therapy on cell viability and death of LNCaP prostate cancer cell line.Lasers in medical science · 2022Article
- Systemic treatments for breast cancer brain metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Combination therapy has become a cornerstone in cancer treatment to potentiate therapeutic effectiveness and overcome drug resistance and metastasis. In this work, we explore combination trials in breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM), highlighting deficiencies in trial design and underlining promising combination strategies. On October 31, 2019, we examined ClinicalTrials.gov for interventional and therapeutic clinical trials involving combination therapy for BCBM, without limiting for date or location. Information on trial characteristics was collected. Combination therapies used in trials were analyzed and explored in line with evidence from the medical literature. Sixty-five combination therapy trials were selected (n = 65), constituting less than 0.7% of all breast cancer trials. Most trials (62%) combined ≥2 chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapy with radiation was main-stay in 23% of trials. Trastuzumab was mostly used in combination (31%), followed by lapatinib (20%) and capecitabine (15%). Common strategies involved combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors with thymidylate synthase inhibitors (6 trials), dual HER-dimerization inhibitors (3 trials), microtubule inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (3 trials), and HER-dimerization inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (3 trials). The combination of tucatinib and capecitabine yielded the highest objective response rate (83%) in early phase trials. The triple combination of trastuzumab, tucatinib and capecitabine lowered the risk of disease progression or death by 52% in patients with HER2-positive BCBM. Combining therapeutic agents based on biological mechanisms is necessary to increase the effectiveness of available anti-cancer regimens. Significant survival benefit has yet to be achieved in future combination therapy trials. Enhancing drug delivery through blood-brain barrier permeable agents may potentiate the overall therapeutic outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.