ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2020
The Unequal Effect of Income on Risk of Overweight/Obesity of Whites and Blacks with Knee Osteoarthritis: the Osteoarthritis Initiative.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incorporating polygenic risk scores and social determinants of health across populations: Considerations and best practices in research.American journal of human genetics · 2026Review
- Article
- No meaningful clinical differences in patient reported outcome scores for Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders following knee or hip arthroplasty.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Article
- Trends and disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed arthritis among United States adults from 2019 to 2022.Medicine · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Correlates of Childhood Body Mass Index: Racial and Ethnic Differences.Global journal of cardiovascular diseases · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Patients With Arthritis and Severe Joint Pain and Who Received Provider Counseling About Physical Activity for Arthritis Among Adults Aged 18 Years or Older-United States, 2019.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- Contralateral knee osteoarthritis is a risk factor for ipsilateral knee osteoarthritis progressing: a case control study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Handing Money to the Poor Is Never Enough: The Impact of Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns.Global journal of epidemiology and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Education Does Not Equally Increase Financial Well-being for All.Journal of social mathematical & human engineering sciences · 2024Article
- Resting-State Functional Connectivity between Putamen and Salience Network and Childhood Body Mass Index.Neurology international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the protective effect of socioeconomic status (SES) against risk of overweight/obesity is well established, such effects may not be equal across diverse racial and ethnic groups, as suggested by the marginalization-related diminished returns (MDR) theory.
aimsBuilt on the MDR theory, this study explored racial variation in the protective effect of income against overweight/obesity of Whites and Blacks with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
methodsThis cross-sectional study used baseline data of the OA Initiative, a national study of knee OA in the USA. This analysis included 4664 adults with knee OA, which was composed of 3790 White and 874 Black individuals. Annual income was the independent variable. Overweight/obesity status (body mass index more than 25 kg/m2) was the dependent variable. Race was the moderator. Logistic regressions were used for data analysis.
resultsOverall, higher income was associated with lower odds of being overweight/obese. Race and income showed a statistically significant interaction on overweight/obesity status, indicating smaller protective effect of income for Blacks compared with Whites with knee OA. Race-stratified regression models revealed an inverse association between income and overweight/obesity for White but not Black patients.
conclusionsWhile higher income protects Whites with knee OA against overweight/obesity, this effect is absent for Blacks with knee OA. Clinicians should not assume that the needs of high-income Whites and Blacks with knee OA are similar, as high-income Blacks may have greater unmet needs than high-income Whites. Racially tailored programs may help reduce the health disparities between Whites and Blacks with knee OA. The results are important given that elimination of racial disparities in obesity is a step toward eliminating racial gap in the burden of knee OA. This is particularly important given that overweight/obesity is not only a prognostic factor for OA but also a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases and premature mortality.
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