Trial reportJournal of epidemiology and community health2020
Abstinence-contingent wage supplements to promote drug abstinence and employment: a randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02487745 (The Long-Term Treatment of Drug Addiction and Unemployment), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Long-Term Treatment of Drug Addiction and Unemployment
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Cost and cost-effectiveness of abstinence-contingent wage supplements for adults experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Abstinence-contingent wage supplements for adults experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder: A randomized clinical trial.Preventive medicine · 2023Trial
- Cost and cost-effectiveness of abstinence contingent wage supplements.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Being at work improves stress, craving, and mood for people with opioid use disorder: Ecological momentary assessment during a randomized trial of experimental employment in a contingency-management-based therapeutic workplace.Behaviour research and therapy · 2022Trial
- Abstinence-contingent wage supplements to promote drug abstinence and employment: Post-intervention outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Trial
- Factors associated with obtaining employment among opioid use disorder patients enrolled in a therapeutic workplace intervention.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Financial incentives promote engagement in employment services for unemployed adults in treatment for opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Contingency Management for Stimulant-Opioid Co-Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of addiction medicine · 2026Article
- Utility of substance-free alternatives in treating and preventing harmful substance use: A narrative review of the translational research spectrum.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Recovery support services as part of the continuum of care for alcohol or drug use disorders.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Contingency management as a maintenance intervention in the long-term treatment of substance use disorders.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- Quality of life during a randomized trial of a therapeutic-workplace intervention for opioid use disorder: Web-based mobile assessments reveal effects of drug abstinence and access to paid work.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2021Article
- An Examination of the Feasibility of Detecting Cocaine Use Using Smartwatches.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Employment outcomes of substance use disorder patients enrolled in a therapeutic workplace intervention for drug abstinence and employment.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPoverty, unemployment and substance abuse are inter-related problems. This study evaluated the effectiveness of abstinence-contingent wage supplements in promoting drug abstinence and employment in unemployed adults in outpatient treatment for opioid use disorder.
methodsA randomised controlled trial was conducted in Baltimore, MD, from 2014 to 2019. After a 3-month abstinence initiation and training period, participants (n=91) were randomly assigned to a usual care control group that received employment services or to an abstinence-contingent wage supplement group that received employment services plus abstinence-contingent wage supplements. All participants were invited to work with an employment specialist to seek employment in a community job for 12 months. Abstinence-contingent wage supplement participants could earn training stipends for working with the employment specialist and wage supplements for working in a community job, but had to provide opiate and cocaine-negative urine samples to maximise pay.
resultsAbstinence-contingent wage supplement participants provided significantly more opiate and cocaine-negative urine samples than usual care control participants (65% vs 45%; OR=2.29, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.30, p=0.01) during the 12-month intervention. Abstinence-contingent wage supplement participants were significantly more likely to have obtained employment (59% vs 28%; OR=3.88, 95% CI 1.60 to 9.41, p=0.004) and lived out of poverty (61% vs 30%; OR=3.77, 95% CI 1.57 to 9.04, p=0.004) by the end of the 12-month intervention than usual care control participants.
conclusionAbstinence-contingent wage supplements can promote drug abstinence and employment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02487745.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.