ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
Long-term Evolution and Remodeling of Soft Drusen in Rhesus Macaques.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal Layer Changes With Aging and Cognitive Decline in Rhesus Macaques.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Rhesus macaques with anProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Retinal and Choriocapillaris Thickness and Age in Macaques in Development and Aging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Macular Thickness and Its Associated Factors in a Healthy Cynomolgus Colony: The Non-Human Primates Eye Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Systemic and Local Lipids in Nonhuman Primates With Drusen and Age-Related Maculopathies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of CRISPR-mediated genome ablation of VEGFA as a treatment for choroidal neovascularization in nonhuman primate eyes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration, a Mathematically Tractable Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Review
- Macular white dot lesions with hyperreflective optical coherence tomography findings in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys.Molecular vision · 2024Article
- Choroidal Changes in Rhesus Macaques in Aging and Age-Related Drusen.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Chromatic Pupillometry as a Putative Screening Tool for Heritable Retinal Disease in Rhesus Macaques.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- A Spontaneous Nonhuman Primate Model of Myopic Foveoschisis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Visualizing lipid behind the retina in aging and age-related macular degeneration, via indocyanine green angiography (ASHS-LIA).Eye (London, England) · 2022Review
- Cynomolgus monkey's choroid reference database derived from hybrid deep learning optical coherence tomography segmentation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A High Fat "Western-style" Diet Induces AMD-Like Features in Wildtype Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2022Article
- Tissue engineering in age-related macular degeneration: a mini-review.Journal of biological engineering · 2022Review
- Relationship of Retinal Vessel Caliber with Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Age-related changes in the rhesus macaque eye.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Localized Structural and Functional Deficits in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Outer Retinal Atrophy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Evolution of ocular defects in infant macaques following in utero Zika virus infection.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Exploring a Structural Basis for Delayed Rod-Mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via Deep Learning.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To characterize the evolution and structure of soft drusen in aged rhesus macaques using in vivo multimodal retinal imaging and ex vivo histologic and ultrastructural analyses as a nonhuman primate model of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Multimodal imaging including fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) were used to characterize and track individual drusen lesions in 20 aged rhesus macaques (mean age 23.3 ± 2.7 years) with drusenoid lesions over 2 years, followed by semithin histologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Although most drusen gradually increased in size, a portion spontaneously regressed or collapsed over 2 years. Histologic analyses showed that soft drusen exhibit hypertrophy and dysmorphia of overlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as seen in early and intermediate AMD, but do not exhibit RPE atrophy, RPE migration, or photoreceptor degeneration characteristic of advanced AMD. Ultrastructure of soft drusen showed abundant lipid particles within Bruch's membrane and AMD-related basal linear deposits (BlinD) resembling those in human drusen. Conclusions: The dynamic remodeling, histologic findings, and ultrastructural features of soft drusen in aged rhesus macaques support nonhuman primates as an animal model of early AMD and reveal important insights into drusen biogenesis and AMD development.
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