ArticlePloS one2020
Short chain fatty acids produced by colonizing intestinal commensal bacterial interaction with expressed breast milk are anti-inflammatory in human immature enterocytes.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- NEC-Associated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and the Gut-Lung Axis in Preterm Infants.American journal of perinatology · 2026Review
- From homeostasis to dysregulation: human milk, microbial metabolites, and the preterm intestinal microenvironment in necrotizing enterocolitis.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Current Evidence, Controversies, and the Future of Biotics in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Protective effects of enteral acetate supplementation against brain injury in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Differences in gut microbiota and faecal metabolomics characteristics in preterm infants with feeding intolerance.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- The microbiome's hidden influence: preclinical insights into inflammatory responses in necrotizing enterocolitis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Synergism between TLR4 and B. infantis in the development of the premature intestine.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Present and future of microbiome-targeting therapeutics.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- The Kynurenine Pathway in Gut Permeability and Inflammation.Inflammation · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Immune Barrier in Cecum of Dahe Pigs and Dahe Black Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Decoding Their Structural Variability, Health Benefits, and the Evolution of Infant Nutrition.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids with the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids in pediatric health and diseases: from gut development to neuroprotection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Gut microbiome derived short chain fatty acids: Promising strategies in necrotising enterocolitis.Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Article
- Host microbiome associated low intestinal acetate correlates with progressive NLRP3-dependent hepatic-immunotoxicity in early life microcystin-LR exposure.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2023Article
- Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Dietary Prebiotic Oligosaccharides and Arachidonate Alter the Fecal Microbiota and Mucosal Lipid Composition of Suckling Pigs.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Elevated expression of histone deacetylase HDAC8 suppresses arginine-proline metabolism in necrotizing enterocolitis.iScience · 2023Article
- Quantification of Free Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Raw Cow Milk by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal emergency that affects ten percent of very low birth weight premature babies and costs society in both expense and heartache. It is probably caused by an inappropriate interaction of colonizing bacteria with an immature intestine. A possible preventative measure is to feed prematures their mother's expressed breast milk in conjunction with a probiotic. This synbiotic prevention reduces the severity and incidence of this condition. This study was designed to determine the mechanism of the synbiotic effect in human and mouse fetal intestine. Breast milk interacting with a NEC preventative probiotic such as Bifidobacterium infantis can produce increased levels of short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) (SCFAs). SCFAs are known to be anti-inflammatory in mature enterocytes and immunocytes. Very little is known about their role in immature intestine. When exposed to a human fetal cell line, fetal intestinal organoids and fetal mouse intestine, these SCFAs were anti-inflammatory. Their mechanism of anti-inflammation differed from those reported for mature cells by involving the G-protein coupled receptor (GPR 109A) and inhibiting histone deacetylase 4 and 5. These bacterial metabolites may help explain the synbiotic anti-inflammatory effect of breast milk and probiotics given to premature infants at risk for NEC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.