SynthesisFrontiers in pharmacology2019
Organ-Specific Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Survival benefits of different immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis highlighting age, gender, etiology, and tumor burden.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based dual immunotherapies versus PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone in patients with advanced solid tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Pooled it
- Polygenic risk score for ulcerative colitis predicts immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated colitis.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Hepatotoxicity in Primary Liver Cancer Versus Other Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Fatal Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Pregnancy adverse events with immune checkpoint inhibitors in monotherapy and combination therapy in cancer: a disproportionality analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Impact on survival of severe immuno-related adverse events in deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instable-high digestive cancers treated with immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Observational
- Systematic monitoring identified a high incidence of hypopituitarism following combined ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for metastatic melanoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Ocular adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Immune-related adverse events occurring rapidly after a single dose of immune checkpoint blockade.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Clinical Management and Outcomes of Immune-Related Adverse Events During Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies in Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma: A UK Real-World Evidence Study.Oncology and therapy · 2025Article
- Predictors of Long-Term Survival in Patients With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Association Between Treatment-Related Adverse Event Trajectory and Prognosis in Esophageal Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Environmental temperature and immune activation during development: effects on organ growth in juvenile degus.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2025Article
- ICOS+CD4+ T cells define a high susceptibility to anti-PD-1 therapy-induced lung pathogenesis.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy-Related Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Myocarditis in Patients Starting Combination Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Analysis of a Commercial Claims Database.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Research progress on recombinant NDV in cancer therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Remodeling the tumor microenvironment: regulatory effects of β-sitosterol and luteolin on the immunosuppressive milieu in endometrial carcinoma and implications for combinatorial immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provides a promising efficacy in multiple cancers, their use is facing challenges for a high incidence of adverse effects. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the risks of organ-specific immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) associated with ICI monotherapy versus combination therapy among cancer patients.
methodsElectronic databases were systematically searched to include eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Any-grade and 3-5 grade IRAEs (colitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypophysitis) were extracted for meta-analysis. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality. The RevMan 5.3.5 software was used for meta-analysis.
resultsA total of 10 studies involving 8 RCTs with 2716 patients were included in this study. The most common any-grade adverse event was colitis (14.5%), followed by hypothyroidism (13.8%), hepatitis (10.4%), hypophysitis (10.0%), hyperthyroidism (9.3%), and pneumonitis (4.6%). Meta-analysis showed that ICI combination therapy significantly increased the risks of any-grade IRAEs in colitis [relative risk (RR), 3.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56-8.12;
conclusionsThis meta-analysis demonstrated that, compared with ICI monotherapy, patients receiving ICI combination therapy significantly increased organ-specific IRAEs in colitis, hypothyroidism, hepatitis, hypophysitis, hyperthyroidism, and pneumonitis. The incidence and severity of organ-specific IRAEs were drug and dose independent.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.