ArticleNeuro-oncology2020
The role of extracellular vesicles and PD-L1 in glioblastoma-mediated immunosuppressive monocyte induction.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trophoblast Extracellular Vesicles Rewire Immunity: A Symptom-Relief Avenue for Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Decoding Glioblastoma Complexity Through Extracellular Vesicles, Organ-on-Chip Models, and Deep Learning.Cells · 2026Review
- High conversion rate and survival benefits of transarterial chemoembolization with targeted immunotherapy in initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy, safety, and optimal patient selection.Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques · 2025Article
- Preanalytical variables and analytes in liquid biopsy approach for brain tumors: A comprehensive review and recommendations from the RANO Group and the Brain Liquid Biopsy Consortium.Neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- An Integrated Digital Microfluidic Device for the Extraction and Detection of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Molecules.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Distinct Paths Toward Precision Glioma Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A novel approach to enhance glioblastoma multiforme treatment efficacy: non-coding RNA targeted therapy and adjuvant approaches.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Glioma stem cells: drivers of tumor progression and recurrence.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Current Understanding of the Exosomes and Their Associated Biomolecules in the Glioblastoma Biology, Clinical Treatment, and Diagnosis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Utilization of exosome-based therapies to augment anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Tumor Cells on Immune Evasion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Tumor-derived vesicles in immune modulation: focus on signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Biomarkers and immunotherapy in endometrial cancer: mechanisms and clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Modeling the pre-metastatic niche of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis under spatiotemporal resolution and investigating EVs-mediated immune suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Revolutionizing Neuroimmunology: Unraveling Immune Dynamics and Therapeutic Innovations in CNS Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Circulating extracellular vesicles as biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring in glioblastoma patients.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- The role of extracellular vesicle immune checkpoints in cancer.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Review
- Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Metabolic remodeling by the PD-L1 inhibitor BMS-202 significantly inhibits cell malignancy in human glioblastoma.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
19 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmunosuppression in glioblastoma (GBM) is an obstacle to effective immunotherapy. GBM-derived immunosuppressive monocytes are central to this. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule, expressed by GBM cells and GBM extracellular vesicles (EVs). We sought to determine the role of EV-associated PD-L1 in the formation of immunosuppressive monocytes.
methodsMonocytes collected from healthy donors were conditioned with GBM-derived EVs to induce the formation of immunosuppressive monocytes, which were quantified via flow cytometry. Donor-matched T cells were subsequently co-cultured with EV-conditioned monocytes in order to assess effects on T-cell proliferation. PD-L1 constitutive overexpression or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown was used to determined the role of altered PD-L1 expression.
resultsGBM EVs interact with both T cells and monocytes but do not directly inhibit T-cell activation. However, GBM EVs induce immunosuppressive monocytes, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and nonclassical monocytes (NCMs). MDSCs and NCMs inhibit T-cell proliferation in vitro and are found within GBM in situ. EV PD-L1 expression induces NCMs but not MDSCs, and does not affect EV-conditioned monocytes T-cell inhibition.
conclusionThese findings indicate that GBM EV-mediated immunosuppression occurs through induction of immunosuppressive monocytes rather than direct T-cell inhibition and that, while PD-L1 expression is important for the induction of specific immunosuppressive monocyte populations, immunosuppressive signaling mechanisms through EVs are complex and not limited to PD-L1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.