ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020
Increases in Secondhand Smoke After Going Smoke-Free: An Assessment of the Impact of a Mandated Smoke-Free Housing Policy.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations of smoke-free policies in multi-unit housing with smoking behavior and second-hand smoke exposure: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Air Quality Risks in Public Housing.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Mitigating Home Environmental Asthma Triggers in Subsidized Housing: Experiences of Caregivers and Healthcare Workers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perceived motivators and barriers to implementation of a smoke-free common area policy in multiunit housing in urban Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Indoor Air Quality in Multi-Family Housing: Drivers and Interventions.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Resident Support for the Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Rule in Public Housing: 2018-2022.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- A Randomized Control Trial to support smoke-free policy compliance in public housing.Research square · 2023Article
- Smoke-Free Policies and Resident Turnover: An Evaluation in Massachusetts Public Housing From 2009‒2018.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- A Matched Analysis of the Association Between Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Housing Policies and Health Outcomes Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children in Subsidized Housing, New York City, 2015-2019.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Titus et al. Respond to "Guiding Comprehensive and Equitable Policy".American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Invited Commentary: Use of Epidemiologic Methods to Guide Comprehensive and Equitable Approaches to Policy.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Long-Term Trends in Secondhand Smoke Exposure in High-Rise Housing Serving Low-Income Residents in New York City: Three-Year Evaluation of a Federal Smoking Ban in Public Housing, 2018-2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Developing a peer-led intervention to promote COVID-19 testing in low-income housing settings.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Implementation Activities in Smoke-Free Public Housing: The Massachusetts Experience.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Assessing Smoke-Free Housing Implementation Approaches to Inform Best Practices: A National Survey of Early-Adopting Public Housing Authorities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Changes in Reported Secondhand Smoke Incursions and Smoking Behavior after Implementation of a Federal Smoke-Free Rule in New York State Federally Subsidized Public Housing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Virtual engagement of under-resourced communities: Lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic for creating crisis-resistant research infrastructure.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- Implementing the Federal Smoke-Free Public Housing Policy in New York City: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Policy Impact.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A Qualitative Study of Unfairness and Distrust in Smoke-free Housing.American journal of health behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe 12-month impact of federally mandated smoke-free housing (SFH) policy adoption (July 2018) was assessed using two markers of ambient secondhand smoke (SHS): airborne nicotine and particulate matter at the 2.5-micrometer threshold (PM2.5).
methodsWe measured markers of SHS in Norfolk, VA from December 2017 to December 2018 in six federally subsidized multi-unit public housing buildings. Multi-level regression was used to model the following comparisons: (1) the month immediately before SFH implementation versus the month immediately after, and (2) December 2017 versus December 2018.
resultsThere was a 27% reduction in indoor PM2.5 and a 32% reduction in airborne nicotine in the first month after SFH adoption, compared to the month prior to adoption. However, there was a 33% increase in PM2.5 and a 25% increase in airborne nicotine after 12 months.
conclusionsUS Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)-mandated SFH can reduce SHS in multi-unit housing. However, SFH could also plausibly increase indoor smoking. Policy approaches adopted by individual properties or housing authorities-for example, property-wide bans versus allowing designated smoking areas-could be driving this potential unintended consequence. IMPLICATIONS: Successful implementation of SFH by public housing authorities in response to the HUD rule requires ongoing attention to implementation strategies. In this sense, SFH likely differs from other policies that might be seen as less intrusive. Long-term success of SFH will depend on careful policy implementation, including plans to educate and support housing authority staff, inform and engage residents, and build effective partnerships with community agencies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.