ArticleBMC medicine2020
Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with obesity: a nationwide study in Sweden.
Article in BMC medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05675020 (Promote Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Adolescents With Mental Health Conditions), which is not on this map. Cited by 132 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Promote Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Adolescents With Mental Health Conditions
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 262 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinically effective child change in family-based behavioral treatment for pediatric obesity: An individual participant mega-analysis.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the effectiveness of healthy weight interventions in the early years of childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from high-income countries.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Pooled it
- Obesity and its association with mental health among Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Improving Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescent Girls With Elevated Anxiety: Web-Based Multisite, Pilot, and Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR cardio · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The impact of 4-week high-intensity interval training on mental health and sleep quality in female college students with normal weight obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- A long-term follow-up of treatment for young children with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Trial
- Effect of an interactive mobile health support system and daily weight measurements for pediatric obesity treatment, a 1-year pragmatical clinical trial.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Effectiveness of a digi-physical tool and working method for paediatric obesity treatment in Abu Dhabi: a non-inferiority intervention study using an external historical comparator.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Health complaints, social impacts, and perceived care effectiveness reported by children with obesity and their parents: a prospective observational study in the Obesity Center CGG cohort.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Real-World Use of Subsidised Semaglutide in Icelandic Children With Obesity: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.Pediatric obesity · 2026Article
- Lifespan approaches for the prevention and management of steatotic liver disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Altered effective connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and caudate in children with overweight and obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare utilization among children, adolescents, and young adults with obesity in the United States.Obesity pillars · 2026Article
- Social Withdrawal, Eating Behaviors, and Daytime Sleepiness in Adolescents with Obesity: A Biopsychosocial Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Impact of Preoperative Psychological Factors on Weight Loss Following Sleeve Gastrectomy.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Intervention effects of high-intensity interval exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on executive functions in obese adolescents with low socioeconomic status.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Between the scales and the scars: The interpersonal moderators of the association between Body Mass Index and parent-reported depression/anxiety diagnoses in U.S. children: Evidence from the 2021-22 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH).PLOS global public health · 2026Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnxiety and depression are more common in children with obesity than in children of normal weight, but it is unclear whether this association is independent of other known risk factors. Interpretation of results from previous studies is hampered by methodological limitations, including self-reported assessment of anxiety, depression, and anthropometry. The aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity increases the risk of anxiety or depression independently of other risk factors in a large cohort of children and adolescents, using robust measures with regard to exposure and outcome.
methodsChildren aged 6-17 years in the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (BORIS, 2005-2015) were included (n = 12,507) and compared with a matched group (sex, year of birth, and area of residence) from the general population (n = 60,063). The main outcome was a diagnosis of anxiety or depression identified through ICD codes or dispensed prescribed medication within 3 years after the end of obesity treatment. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from Cox proportional models were adjusted for several known confounders.
resultsObesity remained a significant risk factor for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents after adjusting for Nordic background, neuropsychiatric disorders, family history of anxiety/depression, and socioeconomic status. Girls in the obesity cohort had a 43% higher risk of anxiety and depression compared to girls in the general population (adjusted HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.31-1.57; p < 0.0001). The risk in boys with obesity was similar (adjusted HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.20-1.48; p < 0.0001). In sensitivity analyses, excluding subjects with neuropsychiatric disorders and a family history of anxiety/depression, the estimated risks in individuals with obesity were even higher compared with results from the main analyses (adjusted HR [95% CI]: girls = 1.56 [1.31-1.87], boys = 2.04 [1.64-2.54]).
conclusionsResults from this study support the hypothesis that obesity per se is associated with risk of both anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.