ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2020
State and Territorial Laws Prohibiting Sales of Tobacco Products to Persons Aged <21 Years - United States, December 20, 2019.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impacts of the Massachusetts 2019 An Act Modernizing Tobacco Control on tobacco retailer settings: A multi-methods study.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Examining the relationship of flavored tobacco product policy restrictions and flavored tobacco product use, among adolescents and young adults in the U.S.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Examining Perceptions of Uncertain Language in Potential E-Cigarette Warning Labels: Results from 16 Focus Groups with Adult Tobacco Users and Youth.Health communication · 2024Article
- National longitudinal tobacco product cessation rates among US adults from the PATH Study: 2013-2019 (waves 1-5).Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Importance of Various E-Cigarette Device and E-Liquid Characteristics by Smoking Status among Young Adults Who Vape.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- The Changing and Predicted Trends in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Burden in China, the United States, and India from 1990 to 2030.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- Tobacco 21 Laws and Youth Tobacco Use: The Role of Policy Attributes.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Regional insights on tobacco-related tweets: unveiling user opinions and usage patterns.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Minimum legal age laws and perceived access to cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and other substances among youth in Canada, England, and the United States: 2017-2021.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Tobacco 21 Laws to Reduce Underage Access to Tobacco: Protocol for a Repeated Multi-Site Study.Methods and protocols · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Pain and Use of Cigarettes and E-cigarettes in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Electronic nicotine delivery system advertising in business-to-business publications, United States, 2015-2020.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Article
- Strengthening Tobacco 21 implementation and enforcement to reduce tobacco-related health disparities: A stakeholder engagement project.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2023Article
- Trends in E-Cigarette and Tobacco Cigarette Purchasing Behaviors by Youth in the United States, Canada, and England, 2017-2022.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Association between E-Cigarette Advertising Exposure and Use of E-Cigarettes among a Cohort of U.S. Youth and Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- 20-Year Trends in Tobacco Sales and Self-Reported Tobacco Use in the United States, 2000-2020.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Restrictions on Tobacco Sales to Youth Younger Than 21 Years in Cleveland, Ohio, Area.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Assessment of Patterns in e-Cigarette Use Among Adults in the US, 2017-2020.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Tobacco use, smoking identities and pathways into and out of smoking among young adults: a meta-ethnography.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Review
- Optimal Cutoff Concentration of Urinary Cyanoethyl Mercapturic Acid for Differentiating Cigarette Smokers From Nonsmokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Raising the minimum legal sales age (MLSA) for tobacco products to 21 years (T21) is a strategy to help prevent and delay the initiation of tobacco product use (1). On December 20, 2019, Congress raised the federal MLSA for tobacco products from 18 to 21 years. Before enactment of the federal T21 law, localities, states, and territories were increasingly adopting their own T21 laws as part of a comprehensive approach to prevent youth initiation of tobacco products, particularly in response to recent increases in use of e-cigarettes among youths (2). Nearly all tobacco product use begins during adolescence, and minors have cited social sources such as older peers and siblings as a common source of access to tobacco products (1,3). State and territorial T21 laws vary widely and can include provisions that might not benefit the public's health, including penalties to youths for purchase, use, or possession of tobacco products; exemptions for military populations; phase-in periods; and preemption of local laws. To understand the landscape of U.S. state and territorial T21 laws before enactment of the federal law, CDC assessed state and territorial laws prohibiting sales of all tobacco products to persons aged <21 years. As of December 20, 2019, 19 states, the District of Columbia (DC), Guam, and Palau had enacted T21 laws, including 13 enacted in 2019. Compared with T21 laws enacted during 2013-2018, more laws enacted in 2019 have purchase, use, or possession penalties; military exemptions; phase-in periods of 1 year or more; and preemption of local laws related to tobacco product sales. T21 laws could help prevent and reduce youth tobacco product use when implemented as part of a comprehensive approach that includes evidence-based, population-based tobacco control strategies such as smoke-free laws and pricing strategies (1,4).
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Registered trials
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