ReviewAnnals of medicine
Longitudinal blood pressure patterns and cardiovascular disease risk.
Review in Annals of medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cumulative blood pressure and risk of dementia and cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term trends in blood pressure and hypertension in Russia: an analysis of data from 14 health surveys conducted in 1975-2017.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Hypertension Duration on the Associations Between Intensive Blood Pressure Control and Cardiac, Vascular, and Kidney Organ Damage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Trial
- Cardiovascular Diseases: Exploring Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Medicinal Plant-Based Therapies: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Renal denervation for hypertension management in the UK: a Delphi expert consensus.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2026Article
- Combined effects of cumulative triglyceride-glucose and blood pressure on stroke in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a longitudinal analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Optimization of artificial intelligence models for prediction of new-onset cardiovascular disease in patients with arterial hypertension.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Time-averaged cumulative pulse pressure in midlife and incident atrial fibrillation: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Declined intrinsic capacity is associated with one-year functional disability in older hypertensive inpatients.BMC geriatrics · 2025Observational
- Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposures and Longitudinal Blood Pressure Measurements in Children Aged 3 to 18 Years: Findings From a Racially and Ethnically Diverse US Birth Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Racism and Postpartum Blood Pressure in a Multiethnic Prospective Cohort.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Cumulative blood pressure load and cognitive decline in older adults: An observational analysis of two large cohorts.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2025Article
- Longitudinal blood pressure and body mass index in South African adolescents.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Age of hypertension onset and cognitive function in the elderly: an observational study from the NHANES 2011-2014.European geriatric medicine · 2024Observational
- Longitudinal clustering of Life's Essential 8 health metrics: application of a novel unsupervised learning method in the CARDIA study.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Long-term changes in blood pressure and their health impact.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
- Long-term blood pressure patterns in midlife and dementia in later life: Findings from the Framingham Heart Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- A flexible optoacoustic blood 'stethoscope' for noninvasive multiparametric cardiovascular monitoring.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Lipid Levels During Adult Lifetime in Men and Women With and Without a Subsequent Incident Myocardial Infarction: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data From the Tromsø Study 1974 to 2016.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Longitudinal machine learning model for predicting systolic blood pressure in patients with heart failure.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Observational and interventional studies have unequivocally demonstrated that "present", i.e. single-occasion, blood pressure is one of the key determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. Over the past two decades, however, numerous publications have suggested that longitudinal blood pressure data and assessment of long-term blood pressure exposure provide incremental prognostic value over present blood pressure. These studies have used several different indices to quantify the overall exposure to blood pressure, such as time-averaged blood pressure, cumulative blood pressure, blood pressure trajectory patterns, and age of hypertension onset. This review summarises existing research on the association between these indices and hard cardiovascular outcomes, outlines the strengths and weaknesses of these indices, and provides an overview of how longitudinal blood pressure changes can be measured and used to improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction.KEY MESSAGESNumerous recent publications have examined the relation between cardiovascular disease and long-term blood pressure (BP) exposure, quantified using indices such as time-averaged BP, cumulative BP, BP trajectory patterns, and age of hypertension onset.This review summarises existing research on the association between these indices and hard cardiovascular outcomes, outlines the strengths and weaknesses of these indices, and provides an overview of how longitudinal BP changes can be measured and used to improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction.Although longitudinal BP indices seem to predict cardiovascular outcomes better than present BP, there are considerable differences in the clinical feasibility of these indices along with a limited number of prospective data.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.