ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2020
TLRs and RAGE are elevated in carotid plaques from patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal miRNA remodeling defines a 24-hour regulatory threshold for immune-inflammatory activation in intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Ascending Thoracic Aorta in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Research progress on the mechanisms of cGAS-STING signaling in immune cell infiltration associated with vascular remodeling.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Risk assessment and prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A narrative review.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Review
- Association Between Redox and Inflammatory Biomarkers with the Presence and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- S100a8 and s100a9 are elevated in aortic wall from patients with moderate-and-severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Advances in immunology of obstructive sleep apnea: mechanistic insights, clinical impact, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Recent progresses in gut microbiome mediates obstructive sleep apnea-induced cardiovascular diseases.FASEB bioAdvances · 2024Review
- Upregulation of HMGB1 promotes vascular dysfunction in the soft palate of patients with obstructive sleep apnea via the TLR4/NF-κB/VEGF pathway.FEBS open bio · 2023Article
- Markers of Carotid Plaque Destabilization in Patients With Sleep-Disordered Breathing.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular Disorders Triggered by Obstructive Sleep Apnea-A Focus on Endothelium and Blood Components.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- An Update on Obstructive Sleep Apnea for Atherosclerosis: Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Matrix Metalloproteinases as Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is growing evidence that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) promotes vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. Pathways that mediate this pathology may include Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) which play a significant role in proinflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to measure the expression of the above-mentioned receptors in relation to OSA severity in carotid plaques obtained during open endarterectomy.
methodsThis prospective study included patients with a sleep study prior to surgery and a plaque specimen obtained during standard open endarterectomy. Immunohistochemistry of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, TLR9, RAGE, HMGB1, and NF-κB was performed on atherosclerotic plaques from carotid arteries of patients with and without OSA.
resultsThere were 46 patients (22 women, mean age 73.2 ± 1.3 years): 14 control patients, 13 with mild, 11 with moderate, and 8 with severe OSA. The expression of all TLRs and RAGE increased proportionately with increasing OSA severity. The largest differences between patients with severe OSA and no OSA were found for TLR2 (2.88 ± 0.35 vs. 1.27 ± 0.47, p < 0.001), TLR4 (2.88 ± 0.35 vs. 1.64 ± 0.5, p < 0.001), TLR9 (2.38 ± 0.52 vs. 1.45 ± 0.52, p < 0.01), and RAGE (2.5 ± 0.53 vs. 1.82 ± 0.6, p < 0.05).
conclusionTLR2, TLR4, TLR9, and RAGE expression was significantly increased in carotid plaques of patients with moderate-to-severe OSA when compared with control patients with no OSA and those with mild OSA. TLR and RAGE-mediated pathways may play a significant role in OSA-dependent atherogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.