ArticlePain reports
Age does not affect sex effect of conditioned pain modulation of pressure and thermal pain across 2 conditioning stimuli.
Article in Pain reports. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prolonged continuous theta burst stimulation increases motor corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition in patients with neuropathic pain: An exploratory, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology · 2023Trial
- Conditioned Pain Modulation Inter-Site Variability Study: Effect Sizes and Test-Retest Reliability of Two Models.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Pain sensitization as a potentially modifiable factor in people with knee osteoarthritis: insights from behavioral graded activity.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring the Spectrum of Temporal Summation and Conditioned Pain Modulation Responses in Pain-Free Individuals Using a Tonic Heat Pain and Cold Pressor Test Paradigms.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Sex differences in conditioned pain modulation effects and its associations with autonomic nervous system activities in healthy, younger individuals: a pilot study.Pain reports · 2024Article
- Body-site effect on CPM efficiency in healthy subjects: Central vs. peripheral stimulation.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Not just sensitization: sympathetic mechanisms contribute to expand experimental referred pain.The Korean journal of pain · 2022Article
- The Potential Clinical Utility of Pressure-Based vs. Heat-Based Paradigms to Measure Conditioned Pain Modulation in Healthy Individuals and Those With Chronic Pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionConditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a laboratory test resulting in pain inhibition through activation of descending inhibitory mechanisms. Older adults consistently demonstrate reduced CPM compared with younger samples; however, studies of sex differences in younger cohorts have shown mixed results.
objectivesThis study tested for sex differences in CPM within samples of younger and older adults.
methodsParticipants were 67 younger adults (mean age = 25.4 years) and 50 older adults (66.4 years). Study conditioning paradigms were the cold-pressor test and contact heat pain administered in separate sessions. Pressure pain threshold and ramping suprathreshold heat were the test stimuli across three time points after presentation of the conditioning stimuli (CS).
resultsSignificant inhibition was observed during both testing sessions. The hypothesis for sex differences across both age cohorts was supported only for ∆PPTh. However, sex differences did not reach significance for either paradigm using ascending suprathreshold heat as the test stimuli. The overall trend was that younger males experienced the strongest CPM and older females the weakest. From a methodological perspective, duration differences were seen in CPM, with inhibition decaying more quickly for PPTh than for suprathreshold heat pain. Furthermore, there were no differences in inhibition induced by cold-pressor test and contact heat pain as CS.
conclusionSex differences were similar across both age cohorts with males experiencing greater inhibition than females. Cross-sectional associations were also demonstrated between CPM inhibition and measures of recent pain, further supporting CPM as an experimental model with clinical utility.
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