ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2020
The New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire: Unsuitable as an Outcome in Clinical Trials?
Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05325541 (Effects of Visual Biofeedback Therapy on Balance, Freezing of Gait and Cognition Among Stage III Parkinson's Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Visual Biofeedback Therapy on Balance, Freezing of Gait and Cognition Among Stage III Parkinson's Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of repeated external cueing training on freezing of gait and gait performance in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- The Usefulness of Wearable Sensors for Detecting Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Characteristics of the Stimuli of Action Observation Therapy in Subjects With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Lessons Learned From a Delayed-Start Trial of Modafinil for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Trial
- Subthalamic and nigral stimulation for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: Randomized pilot trial.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of a dance-physiotherapy combined intervention in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Trial
- Effect of continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion on gait in advanced Parkinson's disease: a real-world wearable-based study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Pharmacologically Modulating the Noradrenergic Arousal System to Reduce Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: Study Protocol of the International AnTi-FREEZE Study.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Heterogeneous Phenomenon Across Assessment Tools.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcome Assessments in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review of Current Rating Scales and Future Needs.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- What is new in Freezing of Gait?Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- An updated definition of freezing of gait.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Beyond the Leaderboard: Evaluating the Robustness of Deep Learning Models for Detecting Freezing of Gait.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Survival and related factors in patients with Parkinson's disease: a multicenter prospective cohort study in China.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Breaking the Freeze: The Role of Cognitive Function in Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Motor and non-motor outcomes post rehabilitation for persons with freezing of gait and Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
- Toward an understanding of real-world mobility in Parkinson's: insights from enhanced contextualisation using GPS-derived location and data-driven modeling of walking speed.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuromodulation of Cortical Targets in Freezing of Gait.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- User Experiences of the Cue2walk Smart Cueing Device for Freezing of Gait in People with Parkinson's Disease.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparison of the Impact of Various Exercise Modalities on Parkinson's Disease.Journal of movement disorders · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFreezing of gait (FOG) is a common gait deficit in Parkinson's disease. The New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (NFOG-Q) is a widely used and valid tool to quantify freezing of gait severity. However, its test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change remain unknown.
objectiveTo determine the test-retest reliability and responsiveness of the NFOG-Q.
methodsTwo groups of freezers, involved in 2 previous rehabilitation trials, completed the NFOG-Q at 2 time points (T1 and T2), separated by a 6-week control period without active intervention. Sample 1 (N = 57) was measured in ON and sample 2 (N = 14) in OFF. We calculated various reliability statistics for the NFOG-Q scores between T1 and T2 as well as correlation coefficients with clinical descriptors to explain the variability between time points.
resultsIn sample 1 the NFOG-Q showed modest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.68 [0.52-0.80]) without differences between T1 and T2. However, a minimal detectable change of 9.95 (7.90-12.27) points emerged for the total score (range 28 points, relative minimal detectable change of 35.5%). Sample 2 showed largely similar results. We found no associations between cognitive-related or disease severity-related outcomes and variability in NFOG-Q scores.
conclusionsWe conclude that the NFOG-Q is insufficiently reliable or responsive to detect small effect sizes, as changes need to go beyond 35% to surpass measurement error. Therefore, we warrant caution in using the NFOG-Q as a primary outcome in clinical trials. These results emphasize the need for robust and objective freezing of gait outcome measures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.