Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32071242›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020

Spatial mapping of tissue properties in vivo reveals a 3D stiffness gradient in the mouse limb bud.

Min Zhu, Hirotaka Tao, Mohammad Samani, Mengxi Luo, Xian Wang, Sevan Hopyan, Yu Sun

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Prepatterned Tissue Stiffness Gradient Controls Organ shape and size.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Drop-Shaped Optical Microfiber Enabled Biomechanical Sensor.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A thermodynamic perspective on mammalian neural crest ingression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  15. Article
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  18. Review
  19. Biophysical control of plasticity and patterning in regeneration and cancer.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Min ZhuDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Hirotaka TaoProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
Mohammad SamaniProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
Mengxi LuoDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Xian WangDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Sevan HopyanProgram in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; sevan.hopyan@sickkids.ca sun@mie.utoronto.ca.
Yu SunDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; sevan.hopyan@sickkids.ca sun@mie.utoronto.ca.
SickKids Foundation · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAHospital for Sick Children · CA

Funding

CIHR MOP 126115
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Numerous hypotheses invoke tissue stiffness as a key parameter that regulates morphogenesis and disease progression. However, current methods are insufficient to test hypotheses that concern physical properties deep in living tissues. Here we introduce, validate, and apply a magnetic device that generates a uniform magnetic field gradient within a space that is sufficient to accommodate an organ-stage mouse embryo under live conditions. The method allows rapid, nontoxic measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of viscoelastic properties within mesenchyme and epithelia. Using the device, we identify an anteriorly biased mesodermal stiffness gradient along which cells move to shape the early limb bud. The stiffness gradient corresponds to a

Indexed as

AnimalsCell MovementEpitheliumFibronectinsImaging, Three-DimensionalLimb BudsMesodermMiceMorphogenesisWnt-5a ProteinFibronectinsWnt-5a ProteinWnt5a protein, mousecell movementsdurotaxislimb budmorphogenesistissue stiffness

Identifiers

PMID32071242
PMCPMC7060671
OpenAlexW3007253077

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.