SynthesisBMJ open2020
Effect of salt reduction interventions in lowering blood pressure in Chinese populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of three prediction formulas of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Replacing salt with low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) for cardiovascular health in adults, children and pregnant women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nitrate Derived From Beetroot Juice Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients With Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Long-Term Effects of a Comprehensive Intervention Strategy for Salt Reduction in China: Scale-Up of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Salt Substitute and Salt Supply Restriction in Eldercare Facilities: The DECIDE-Salt Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Effect of home cook interventions for salt reduction in China: cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Trial
- Salt substitution and salt-supply restriction for lowering blood pressure in elderly care facilities: a cluster-randomized trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Impact of self-monitoring of salt intake by salt meter in hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial (SMAL-SALT).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Trial
- Sodium reduction and salt substitutes: impact on blood pressure and recurrent stroke.Current opinion in cardiology · 2026Review
- Consensus on the management of hypertension in individuals with diabetes by Asian-Pacific Society of hypertension (APSH) & Diabetes Asia Study Group (DASG).Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of potassium-containing low-sodium salt substitutes for cardiovascular disease prevention in mixed adult populations: an umbrella review.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Association between nutrition literacy and hypertension control: chain mediating association of diet-control intention and salt-restriction tools utilization.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Role of dietary potassium and salt substitution in the prevention and management of hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Review
- Update of the clinical guideline for hypertension diagnosis and treatment in Iran.Clinical hypertension · 2024Article
- Hypertension in China: epidemiology and treatment initiatives.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Review
- Improving cardiovascular health by replacing salt with low-sodium salt substitutes: a synthesis of existing evidence.British journal of cardiac nursing · 2023Article
- The role of dietary salt in metabolism and energy balance: Insights beyond cardiovascular disease.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Review
- Development of a short-form Chinese health literacy scale for low salt consumption (CHLSalt-22) and its validation among hypertensive patients.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- The association of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to salt with 24-h urinary sodium, potassium excretion and hypertensive status.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
RATIONALE AND
objectiveSalt reduction remains a global challenge and different salt reduction strategies have been studied in China. This study is to systematically evaluate evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) in China and inform the effective salt reduction strategies.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang Data and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases through October 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: RCTs conducted in China with at least 4 weeks' duration of study and blood pressure (BP) reported. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were screened, extracted and appraised by two independent reviewers. The quality of study was assessed using a modified Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The primary outcome was the difference in BP change from baseline to the end of study between interventions and control. The effects were pooled using a random effects model and associated factors were explored by a meta-regression.
resultsWe identified 24 studies involving 10 448 participants, including 8 studies on health education (4583 participants), 2 studies on salt restriction diet (162 participants), 1 study on salt restriction spoon (50 participants) and 13 studies on salt substitute (5653 participants). Six studies on salt substitute and three studies on health education were identified with high quality. Pooled results from the six studies showed that salt substitutes significantly reduced systolic BP (-5.7 mm Hg; 95% CI -8.5 to -2.8) and diastolic BP (-2.0 mm Hg; 95% CI -3.5 to -0.4). The School-EduSalt study showed that the school-based health education significantly reduced systolic BP among parents (-2.3 mm Hg; 95% CI -4.5 to -0.04).
conclusionsAmong four salt reduction strategies studied in China with RCT design, only salt substitute was proved effective in lowering BP by the pooled effect from multiple studies with high quality. More well-designed studies are warranted for other strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.