ArticleMalaria journal2020
Recovery and stable persistence of chloroquine sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum parasites after its discontinued use in Northern Uganda.
Article in Malaria journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Changes in molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance between 2017 and 2024 in Southern Benin.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Cross-border molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum drug susceptibility: insights from the Uganda-Democratic Republic of the Congo border.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Synergistic Antimalarial Activity of Alpha-Mangostin Chitosan Alginate Nanoparticles with Chloroquine in Mice Infected withIranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Reversal of Chloroquine Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular Characterization ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Assessing fitness costs in malaria parasites: a comprehensive review and implications for drug resistance management.Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Genetic surveillance shows spread of ACT resistance during period of malaria decline in Vietnam (2018-2020).Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Molecular surveillance of anti-malarial drug resistance genes in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Odisha, India.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Impact of parasite genomic dynamics on the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates to piperaquine and other antimalarial drugs.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Decreased susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to both dihydroartemisinin and lumefantrine in northern Uganda.Nature communications · 2022Article
- High prevalence of Pfcrt 76T and Pfmdr1 N86 genotypes in malaria infected patients attending health facilities in East Shewa zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Comment on Weitzman et al. Resistance to Antimalarial Monotherapy Is Cyclic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Molecular identification and anti-malarial drug resistance profile of Plasmodium falciparum from patients attending Kisoro Hospital, southwestern Uganda.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- The return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Jazan region, southwestern Saudi Arabia over a decade after the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapy: analysis of genetic mutations in the pfcrt gene.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Increase in the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum with kelch13 C580Y mutation and decline in pfcrt and pfmdr1 mutant alleles in Papua New Guinea.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Immune selection suppresses the emergence of drug resistance in malaria parasites but facilitates its spread.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Opinion and uptake of chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 during the mandatory lockdown in the sub-Saharan African region.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2021Article
- Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt haplotypes in southwestern uganda by high-resolution melt analysis.Malaria journal · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUsage of chloroquine was discontinued from the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection in almost all endemic regions because of global spread of resistant parasites. Since the first report in Malawi, numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the discontinuance led to re-emergence of chloroquine-susceptible P. falciparum, suggesting a possible role in future malaria control. However, most studies were cross-sectional, with few studies looking at the persistence of chloroquine recovery in long term. This study fills the gap by providing, for a period of at least 6 years, proof of persistent re-emergence/stable recovery of susceptible parasite populations using both molecular and phenotypic methods.
methodsEx vivo drug-susceptibility assays to chloroquine (n = 319) and lumefantrine (n = 335) were performed from 2013 to 2018 in Gulu, Northern Uganda, where chloroquine had been removed from the official malaria treatment regimen since 2006. Genotyping of pfcrt and pfmdr1 was also performed.
resultsChloroquine resistance (≥ 100 nM) was observed in only 3 (1.3%) samples. Average IC
conclusionThis study found evidence of stable persistence of chloroquine susceptibility with the fixation of pfcrt K76 in Northern Uganda after discontinuation of chloroquine in the region. Accumulation of similar evidence in other endemic areas in Uganda could open channels for possible future re-use of chloroquine as an option for malaria treatment or prevention.
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