ArticlePloS one2020
Experiences from the pilot implementation of the Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease Interventions (PEN) in Myanmar, 2017-18: A mixed methods study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation research on noncommunicable disease prevention and control interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Implementation fidelity to the World Health Organization package of essential non-communicable disease interventions (PEN) during scale-up in Nepal's primary healthcare system: a mixed methods study.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Association Between the WHO Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Hypertension and Diabetes in Palestine: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Implementing WHO PEN in primary health in Moldova: a qualitative evaluation of barriers, enablers, and lessons for scale-up.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review of Noncommunicable Disease Programs Evaluation: Bridging Gaps and Improving Frameworks in Primary Healthcare.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Using implementation science for WHO noncommunicable disease technical packages in low-and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Frontiers in health services · 2026Review
- Exploring factors affecting access to non-communicable disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Facility Assessment for the Implementation of the Philippine Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions (PhilPEN) in Primary Health Care Centers in Metro Manila.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Article
- Barriers and facilitators to patient utilization of noncommunicable disease services in primary healthcare facilities in Nepal: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Building linkages between private pharmacies and public facilities to improve diabetes and hypertension care in urban areas of Nepal: a protocol for implementation research.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Missed opportunities for detection of hypertension in public health facilities of 18 districts in India, 2022.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Iran-package of essential non-communicable disease (IraPEN) program in reducing cardiovascular disease risk in pilot areas.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Understanding implementation, adoption, and acceptability of the WHO package of essential noncommunicable (PEN) disease interventions in FIJI: Evidence for scale-up.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Implementation of the Package of Essential Non-Communicable (PEN) Disease Interventions in Low-Resource Settings: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Evaluating diabetes care in primary healthcare centers in Abuja, Nigeria: a cross-sectional formative assessment.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of screening and preventive interventions for cardiovascular disease in Myanmar: an economic modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Primary Healthcare Centers' Service Availability and Readiness for Implementing Diabetes Care in Abuja, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional, Formative Assessment.Research square · 2024Article
- Prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in "real-world" settings: sustainable implementation of effective policies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesMyanmar adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Package for Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions (PEN) in 20 pilot townships in 2017. This study was conducted to assess the implementation of PEN, its effectiveness and understand the facilitators and barriers in its implementation.
methodsMixed methods design involving a quantitative component (retrospective study analysing both aggregate and individual patient data from PEN project records; cross-sectional facility survey using a structured checklist) and a descriptive qualitative component.
resultsA total of 152,446 individuals were screened between May 2017-December 2018 comprising of current smokers (17.5%), tobacco chewers (26.3%), Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2 (30.6%), raised blood pressure i.e. ≥ 140/90 mmHg (35.2%) and raised blood sugar i.e. Random Blood Sugar >200 mg/dl, Fasting Blood Sugar >126 mg/dl (17.1%). Nearly 14.8% of those screened had Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk score ≥20%, 34.6% had CVD risk not recorded. Of 663 patients registered with diabetes and/or hypertension in 05 townships, 27 (4.1%) patients made three follow-up visits after the baseline visit, of whom, CVD risk assessment, systolic blood pressure and blood sugar measurement was done in all visits in 89.0%, 100.0% and 78.0% of cases respectively. Health facility assessment showed 64% of the sanctioned posts were filled; 90% of those appointed been trained in PEN; key essential medicines for PEN were available in half of the facilities surveyed. Confidence of the health care staff in managing common NCD and perceived benefits of the project were some of the strengths.
conclusionHigh loss to follow up, poor recording of CVD risk score, lack of essential medicines and equipments were the key challenges identified that need to be addressed before further expansion of PEN project to other townships.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.