ArticleCornea2020
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Corneal Endothelium With Smartphone Specular Microscopy.
Article in Cornea, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Visualization of Ex Vivo Porcine Corneal Endothelial Cells Using Smartphone-Assisted Specular Reflection With Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Potential applications of artificial intelligence in image analysis in cornea diseases: a review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Review
- Diagnostic Techniques to Increase the Safety of Phakic Intraocular Lenses.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- [Corneal endothelial cell photography: comparison of smartphones].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Assessing the subjective quality of smartphone anterior segment photography: a non-inferiority study.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Smart Eye Camera: A Validation Study for Evaluating the Tear Film Breakup Time in Human Subjects.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Low-Cost, Smartphone-Based Specular Imaging and Automated Analysis of the Corneal Endothelium.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Smartphone-based imaging systems for medical applications: a critical review.Journal of biomedical optics · 2021Review
- Specular microscopy in clinical practice.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe sought to demonstrate the feasibility of a lower-cost, portable method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the corneal endothelium using a smartphone and slit-lamp biomicroscope.
methodsIn this study, at a single academic center, we recruited healthy participants to undergo imaging of the corneal endothelium using both a smartphone-based method and a specular microscope. Participants first had their eyes imaged with a CellChek NSP-9900 Specular Microscope (Konan Medical, Inc, Irvine, CA). For image capture on the smartphone, a beam of light approximately 0.2 mm in diameter was directed to the center of the cornea with a slit-lamp biomicroscope to achieve specular reflection. With 40× zoom on the slit-lamp and 4K video mode set on an iPhone 7 Plus held to an ocular, the corneal endothelium was recorded until the hexagonal pattern of cells was identified and the sharpest frame from the video was selected.
resultsThe videos were analyzed from 14 sets of eyes (average length 2 minutes 40 seconds). The average intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.82). The mean difference between smartphone endothelial cell count and specular endothelial cell count was -209 cells/mm (SD = 483 cells/mm), which did not achieve significance (P = 0.14). A Bland-Altman analysis with simple linear regression showed no proportional bias when comparing the 2 modalities (coefficient = -0.20; t-value = -0.42; P = 0.68).
conclusionsSmartphone specular microscopy is capable of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the corneal endothelium. Further refinement to standardize the light source and automate analysis will increase feasibility.
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Registered trials
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