ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Dermatology2020
Comparison of C3d immunohistochemical staining to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dupilumab as a novel steroid-sparing treatment for pemphigoid gestationis: A new case report and review of literature.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- The Diagnostic Significance of C3d Antigen in Kidney and Skin Histopathology - The Current State-Of-The-Art and Practical Examples.Physiological research · 2023Review
- Utility of C3d and C4d immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed skin or mucosal biopsy specimens in diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Direct Immunofluorescence of IgG on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue by Heat-Induced Antigen Retrieval as a Sensitive Method for the Diagnosis of Pemphigus.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
- Bullous pemphigoid diagnosis: the role of routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin tissue immunochemistry.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Pemphigus and Pemphigoid: From Disease Mechanisms to Druggable Pathways.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2022Review
- Next-Generation Pathology Using Multiplexed Immunohistochemistry: Mapping Tissue Architecture at Single-Cell Level.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Monoclonal Antibodies and Airway Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Immunohistochemical Evaluation of C4d and C3d Markers in Bullous Pemphigoid as a Substitute for Direct Immunofluorescence Technique.Indian journal of dermatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBullous pemphigoid (BP), the most common autoimmune blistering disease, may be diagnostically challenging. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and recently, C3d immunohistochemistry (IHC), are used as adjuncts to diagnosis.
objectiveTo compare C3d IHC to DIF, IIF, and ELISA testing in BP diagnosis.
methodsC3d IHC was performed on skin biopsy specimens from 51 patients (27 with BP and 24 with other blistering diseases) and compared to DIF and IIF, with anti-BP180 or anti-BP230 ELISA results used as the gold standard.
resultsWe found C3d IHC, DIF, and IIF had similar sensitivity (74.1%, 63.1%, and 70.4%), specificity (95.8%, 100%, and 100%), positive predictive value (95.2%, 100%, and 100%), and negative predictive value (76.7%, 70.6%, and 75%) for BP. Cases with positive C3d IHC, DIF, and IIF had significantly higher anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 by ELISA than cases with negative testing (P < .0001). False-negative IIF results were associated with lower BP230 compared with true-positive results (P = .03). LIMITATIONS: This was a single-center, retrospective study.
conclusionOur study compared C3d IHC to DIF and IIF in BP diagnosis, demonstrating C3d IHC on fixed tissue provides similar diagnostic utility to immunofluorescence and ELISA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.