Trial reportEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2020
Ultra-high-fidelity virtual reality mastoidectomy simulation training: a randomized, controlled trial.
Trial report in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual Reality Mastoidectomy as Precadaver Training for Novices: A Randomized Crossover Study.The Laryngoscope · 2026Trial
- Effect of case-specific 3D-printed models on surgical performance in cadaveric dissection-a randomized controlled trial.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Trial
- A virtual simulation experiment platform of subway emergency ventilation system and study on its teaching effect.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Integrating Augmented Reality Into Otologic Cadaveric Surgical Training.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Virtual and Augmented Reality for Emergency Healthcare Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role of Virtual Reality in Advancing Surgical Training in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Use of a Caprine Model for Simulation and Training of Endoscopic Ear surgery.The journal of international advanced otology · 2023Article
- Simulation-based procedure training (SBPT) in rarely performed procedures: a blueprint for theory-informed design considerations.Advances in simulation (London, England) · 2022Article
- Outcomes, Measurement Instruments, and Their Validity Evidence in Randomized Controlled Trials on Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality in Undergraduate Medical Education: Systematic Mapping Review.JMIR serious games · 2022Review
- Emerging simulation technologies in global craniofacial surgical training.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
- Feasibility of a virtual reality course on adult tracheostomy safety skills.Anaesthesia reportsArticle
- Defining medical simulators for simulation-based education in EUS: Theoretical approach and a narrative review.Endoscopic ultrasoundReview
- Skepticism towards advancing VR technology - student acceptance of VR as a teaching and assessment tool in medicine.GMS journal for medical educationArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeUltra-high-fidelity (UHF) graphics in virtual reality (VR) simulation might improve surgical skill acquisition in temporal bone training. This study aims to compare UHF VR simulation training with conventional, screen-based VR simulation training (cVR) with respect to performance and cognitive load (CL).
methodsIn a randomized trial with a cross-over design, 24 students completed a total of four mastoidectomies in a VR temporal bone surgical simulator: two performances under UHF conditions using a digital microscope and two performances under conventional conditions using screen-based VR simulation. Performances were assessed by two blinded raters using an established assessment tool. In addition, CL was estimated as the relative change in secondary-task reaction time during simulation when compared with individual baseline measurements. Data were analyzed using linear mixed model analysis for repeated measurements.
resultsThe mean final-product performance score was significantly lower in UHF VR simulation compared to cVR simulation [mean difference 1.0 points out of 17 points, 95% CI (0.2-1.7), p = 0.02]. The most important factor for performance during UHF simulation was the ability to achieve stereovision (mean difference = 3.4 points, p < 0.001). Under the UHF VR condition, CL was significantly higher than during cVR (28% vs. 18%, respectively, p < 0.001).
conclusionUHF graphics in VR simulation training reduced performance and induced a higher CL in novices than conventional, screen-based VR simulation training. Consequently, UHF VR simulation training should be preceded by cVR training and might be better suited for the training of intermediates or experienced surgeons.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.