ArticleNature medicine2020
Engineered immunogen binding to alum adjuvant enhances humoral immunity.
Article in Nature medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 142 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 258 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell and tissue engineering in lymph nodes for cancer immunotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
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- Nanoparticle Engineering in Modern Vaccinology: From Delivery Platforms to Immune-Programming Architectures.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sustained Delivery of a Shingles Subunit Vaccine Overcomes Age-Related Declines in Humoral and Cellular Immunity Relative to Shingrix.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Rapid boosting increases germinal center responses to sequential vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Atomic layer deposition for core-shell microparticle vaccines enabling programmable antigen delivery to lymph nodes enhance humoral immune responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- LNP-based delivery of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist elicits potent adjuvant effects and antitumor immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Immunological memory to vaccines.Immunity · 2026Review
- Recent research progress and clinical status of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- A Prussian Blue Nanozyme-Adjuvanted Vaccine Presenting Phosphocholine Antigens for Induction of Immunotolerance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- CD25 modulation enhances broadly neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Nanoparticle Adjuvant Design Enhances Germinal Center Responses Targeting Conserved Subdominant Epitopes for Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine Development.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Macromolecular dimensions of a synthetic polyelectrolyte as a factor in its interactions with protein and cells: desirability for longer chains.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2026Article
- Subunit vaccination using Atomic Layering Thermostable Antigen and Adjuvant (ALTAFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway in cancer immunotherapy: prognostic value and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Developing a simple, cost-effective proof-of-concept vaccine candidate against EHEC for cattle.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adjuvants are central to the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Aluminum hydroxide (alum) is the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, yet its adjuvanticity is often weak and mechanisms of triggering antibody responses remain poorly understood. We demonstrate that site-specific modification of immunogens with short peptides composed of repeating phosphoserine (pSer) residues enhances binding to alum and prolongs immunogen bioavailability. The pSer-modified immunogens formulated in alum elicited greatly increased germinal center, antibody, neutralizing antibody, memory and long-lived plasma cell responses compared to conventional alum-adsorbed immunogens. Mechanistically, pSer-immunogen:alum complexes form nanoparticles that traffic to lymph nodes and trigger B cell activation through multivalent and oriented antigen display. Direct uptake of antigen-decorated alum particles by B cells upregulated antigen processing and presentation pathways, further enhancing B cell activation. These data provide insights into mechanisms of action of alum and introduce a readily translatable approach to significantly improve humoral immunity to subunit vaccines using a clinical adjuvant.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.