ArticleBiomarkers in medicine2020
Tears - more to them than meets the eye: why tears are a good source of biomarkers in Parkinson's disease.
Article in Biomarkers in medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors for Non-Invasive Biofluid Analysis.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Current Strategies and Future Directions of Wearable Biosensors for Measuring Stress Biochemical Markers for Neuropsychiatric Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Review
- High Levels of Mutant Huntingtin Protein in Tear Fluid From Huntington's Disease Gene Expansion Carriers.Journal of movement disorders · 2024Article
- Tear Fluid Biomarkers and Quality of Life in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Dry Eye Disease.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Interaction network of extracellular vesicles building universal analysis via eye tears: iNEBULA.Science advances · 2023Article
- Tear-Based Vibrational Spectroscopy Applied to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Analytical chemistry · 2021Article
- A Pilot Study of Changes in the Level of Catecholamines and the Activity of α-2-Macroglobulin in the Tear Fluid of Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonian Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tears are a known source of biomarkers for both ocular and systemic diseases with particular advantages; specifically, the noninvasiveness of sample collection and a unique and increasingly better-defined protein composition. Here, we discuss our rationale for use of tears for discovery of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD). These reasons include literature supporting changes in tear flow and composition in PD, and the interconnections between the ocular surface system and neurons affected in PD. We highlight recent data on the identification of tear biomarkers including oligomeric α-synuclein, associated with neuronal degeneration in PD, in tears of PD patients and discuss possible sources for its release into tears. Challenges and next steps for advancing such biomarkers to clinical usage are highlighted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.