Trial reportScience advances2020
The physiological effects of noninvasive brain stimulation fundamentally differ across the human cortex.
Trial report in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation in the treatment of anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of sham or behaviour-controlled studies.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNPooled it
- OFC-induced network modularity improves positive symptoms and attentional alertness in schizophrenia: a combined rTMS-fMRI study.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Bilateral intermittent theta-burst stimulation as a priming strategy to enhance action observation and imitation training in early parkinson's disease: a proof-of-concept study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Macro and micro structural preservation of grey matter integrity after 24 weeks of rTMS in Alzheimer's disease patients: a pilot study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Pre-supplementary motor network connectivity and clinical outcome of magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Human brain mapping · 2021Trial
- The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cue-induced craving in male patients with heroin use disorder.EBioMedicine · 2020Trial
- A large-scale heterogeneous 3D magnetic resonance brain imaging dataset for self-supervised learning.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Digital twin brain reveals state-specific stimulation targets for abnormal brain dynamics in tinnitus.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Efficient Gaussian process-based motor hotspot hunting with concurrent optimization of TMS coil location and orientation.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: Converging Frontiers in Neural Signal Decoding and Flexible Bioelectronics Integration.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Non-invasive neuromodulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: a contemporary structured review of mechanisms, clinical evidence and future directions.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Multifaceted Networks of the Left DLPFC for Precision TMS Targeting.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- State-Dependent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Synchronized with Electroencephalography: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Treating Depression With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Clinician's Guide.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Efficient prospective electric field-informed localization of motor cortical targets of transcranial magnetic stimulation.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation does not alter GABA concentration or functional connectivity in the normal visual cortex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Quantitative simulation of near-infrared light treatment for Alzheimer's disease using patient-individualized optical-parametric phantoms.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Cortical plasticity differences in substance use disorders.Fundamental research · 2024Article
- The alterations of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the energy landscape of resting-state networks differ across the human cortex.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to modulate brain activity and behavior in humans. Still, stimulation effects substantially vary across studies and individuals, thereby restricting the large-scale application of TMS in research or clinical settings. We revealed that low-frequency stimulation had opposite impact on the functional connectivity of sensory and cognitive brain regions. Biophysical modeling then identified a neuronal mechanism underlying these region-specific effects. Stimulation of the frontal cortex decreased local inhibition and disrupted feedforward and feedback connections. Conversely, identical stimulation increased local inhibition and enhanced forward signaling in the occipital cortex. Last, we identified functional integration as a macroscale network parameter to predict the region-specific effect of stimulation in individual subjects. In summary, we revealed how TMS modulation critically depends on the connectivity profile of target regions and propose an imaging marker to improve sensitivity of noninvasive brain stimulation for research and clinical applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.