ArticleScience advances2020
Structure and mechanism of bactericidal mammalian perforin-2, an ancient agent of innate immunity.
Article in Science advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anchoring of perforin-2 via the transmembrane domain is required for antigen escape into the cytosol.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanism of pore formation by Plasmodium Perforin-like Protein 2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Deciphering Membrane Pore Formation Mechanisms of Plasmodium falciparum Perforin-Like Protein 1 (PfPLP1).The Journal of membrane biology · 2026Article
- Spatial and cellular composition of lung fibrosis induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Zooming into Disease at the Nanoscale: High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy in Biomedical Discovery.ACS nano · 2026Review
- Conformations and sequence determinants in the lipid binding of an adhesive peptide derived from Vibrio cholerae biofilms.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Disrupting membranes, controlling cell fate: the role of pore-forming proteins in cell death and therapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Growth Regulatory Mechanisms in Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Pacific Oyster (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Interaction of an Oomycete Nep1-like Cytolysin with Natural and Plant Cell-Mimicking Membranes.The Journal of membrane biology · 2025Article
- Structural insights into pre-pore intermediates of alpha-hemolysin in the lipidic environment.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Structural basis for the pore-forming activity of a complement-like toxin.Science advances · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of RCD-1 pore formation and membrane bending.Nature communications · 2025Article
- For Better or Worse: The Impact of Necrotic Cell Death Modalities.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Acid-resistant enzymes: the acquisition strategies and applications.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Structural journey of an insecticidal protein against western corn rootworm.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Perforin-2 is a pore-forming effector of endocytic escape in cross-presenting dendritic cells.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- The evolutionary diversification and antimicrobial potential of MPEG1 in Metazoa.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Single-molecule tracking of perfringolysin O assembly and membrane insertion uncoupling.The FEBS journal · 2023Article
- V. cholerae MakA is a cholesterol-binding pore-forming toxin that induces non-canonical autophagy.The Journal of cell biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Perforin-2 (MPEG1) is thought to enable the killing of invading microbes engulfed by macrophages and other phagocytes, forming pores in their membranes. Loss of perforin-2 renders individual phagocytes and whole organisms significantly more susceptible to bacterial pathogens. Here, we reveal the mechanism of perforin-2 activation and activity using atomic structures of pre-pore and pore assemblies, high-speed atomic force microscopy, and functional assays. Perforin-2 forms a pre-pore assembly in which its pore-forming domain points in the opposite direction to its membrane-targeting domain. Acidification then triggers pore formation, via a 180° conformational change. This novel and unexpected mechanism prevents premature bactericidal attack and may have played a key role in the evolution of all perforin family proteins.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.