ArticleOncotarget2020
Exercise reduces immune suppression and breast cancer progression in a preclinical model.
Article in Oncotarget, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exploration of the Molecular Mechanisms Behind the Effects of Physical Exercise on Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients
The Immuno-FIT Observational Study: A Phase II Window Observational Study Investigating the Effects of Immunotherapy on Cardiopulmonary Fitness, Quality of Life, and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Physical Rehabilitation on Bone Biomarkers in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Exercise on Cancer Treatment Efficacy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Cancer research · 2021Pooled it
- Home-based high-intensity exercise training during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with favorable chemotherapy outcomes and tumor microenvironment remodeling in breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Pairing automated exercise coaching with patient-reported symptom monitoring: A way to nudge exercise uptake during cancer treatment?Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Trial
- Precision Exercise for Breast Cancer-Related Outcomes: Towards Personalised Training Based on Tumour, Treatment and Patient Characteristics.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Physical activity in advanced urological cancers undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment: a qualitative study exploring patient perspectives and experiences.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Association of objectively assessed physical activity with immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment in non-metastatic colon cancer.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Observational
- Physical Exercise in Immunotherapy.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Aerobic Exercise Activates S1PR1 Signaling in Tumor Endothelial Cells to Promote Vascular Function in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Stem cells as an essential mediator of the exercise-tumorigenesis link.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Integrated mechanisms and clinical relevance of exercise driven remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Exercise suppresses breast cancer and reprograms the immune tumor microenvironment, cancer cell intrinsic features, and their interaction.Journal of sport and health science · 2026Article
- Exercise Boosts the Immune System and Enhances Immunotherapy Responses in Pancreatic Cancer and Mesothelioma.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Exercise and CD8Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Modulating CD8⁺ T cell immunity through exercise: mechanistic insights and implications for precision immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Exercise interventions remodel the aging microenvironment to improve prognosis in older patients with cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The multidimensional roles and mechanisms of exercise intervention in pediatric oncology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Non-pharmacological Supportive Care Interventions during Immunotherapy for People with Cancer: A Systematic Scoping Review and Future Directions.Current oncology reports · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exercise is associated with favorable changes in circulating immune cells and improved survival in early-stage breast cancer patients, but the mechansims remain to be fully elucidated. Preclinical studies indicate that physical activity started before tumor injection reduces tumor incidence and progression. Here we tested whether exercise has anti-tumor effects in mice with established 4T1 mammary carcinoma, a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer. Exercise slowed tumor progression and reduced the tumor-induced accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The reduction in MDSCs was accompanied by a relative increase in natural killer and CD8 T cell activation, suggesting that exercise restores a favorable immune environment. Consistently, exercise improved responses to a combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade and focal radiotherapy. These data support further investigations of exercise in breast cancer patients treated with combinations of immunotherapy and cytotoxic agents to improve cancer outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.