ReviewFrontiers in physiology2019
Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07655739 (Temporal Changes in Fractalkine), which is not on this map. Cited by 678 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Temporal Changes in Fractalkine (CX3CL1) Levels Following Sleeve Gastrectomy and Their Association With Weight Loss: A Prospective Study
Who cites it
678 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Weight Loss, Obesity Medication, and Risk of Obesity-Associated Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effects of different exercise types on inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Pooled it
- The role of hypoglycemic phytochemicals in improving male reproductive dysfunction: a systematic review of preclinical evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of exercise on inflammatory biomarkers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Almond Consumption Improves Inflammatory Profiles Independent of Weight Change: A 6-Week Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Obesity.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Therapeutic impact of vildagliptin vs. gliclazide on insulin resistance and advanced glycated end product levels in newly diagnosed Egyptian diabetics: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic factors, serum omentin-1, and anthropometric indices in middle-aged women with prediabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Trial
- Assessment of immune function in individuals without and with obesity and normoglycemia, glucose intolerance, or type 2 diabetes: primary findings of the NutrIMM study, a single-arm controlled feeding trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Association of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and inflammatory indices with cardiometabolic multimorbidity.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Clinical obesity phenotypes among older adults: prevalence, determinants, and morbidity burden from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Adipose Tissue Expandability as a Link Between Nutrition and Obesity-Related Metabolic Risk: Insights from Bariatric Surgery.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Nine anthropometric insulin resistance indices predict mortality and life expectancy across glucose states.iScience · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and Its Hepatic Dimension: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- BMAL1 Dysregulation as a Contributing Mechanism Linking Obesity to Oocyte and Endometrial Dysfunction in IVF.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immunometabolic Modulation in Obese Asthma: How GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Could Influence Systemic and Pulmonary Immune Phenotypes.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- Expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in the blood of adolescents with and without obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Polyphenols intake and expression of insulin signaling genes in adipose tissue of obese adults: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
618 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major health burdens of the 21st century as it contributes to the growing prevalence of its related comorbidities, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Growing evidence suggests a critical role for overnutrition in the development of low-grade inflammation. Specifically, chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is considered a crucial risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. The triggers for adipose tissue inflammation are still poorly defined. However, obesity-induced adipose tissue expansion provides a plethora of intrinsic signals (e.g., adipocyte death, hypoxia, and mechanical stress) capable of initiating the inflammatory response. Immune dysregulation in adipose tissue of obese subjects results in a chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Macrophages are the most abundant innate immune cells infiltrating and accumulating into adipose tissue of obese individuals; they constitute up to 40% of all adipose tissue cells in obesity. In obesity, adipose tissue macrophages are polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and secrete many pro-inflammatory cytokines capable of impairing insulin signaling, therefore promoting the progression of insulin resistance. Besides macrophages, many other immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells, mast cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells) reside in adipose tissue during obesity, playing a key role in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. The association of obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, and metabolic diseases makes inflammatory pathways an appealing target for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic complications. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms responsible for the obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and progression toward obesity-associated comorbidities and highlight the current therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.