ArticleJournal of affective disorders2020
Vitamin D and inflammation in major depressive disorder.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07078227 (5 Years Follow-up of the Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
5 Years Follow-up of the Study: "Pharmacogenetics in Depressed Patients With Specific Focus on Difficult-to-treat Depresssion, Suicide Attempt and CYP2D6"
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and depression in adults: A systematic review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of suicide, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation among people with vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The biological relationship among depression, vitamins BFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Peripheral blood cellular immunophenotype in suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Association of a low vitamin D status with risk of post-stroke depression: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Depression: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of low-fat milk and yogurt fortified with vitamin DJournal of health, population, and nutrition · 2022Trial
- Vitamin D as a Lifespan Neuroimmune Signal in Psychiatry: From Developmental Risk to Precision Nutrition.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Vitamin D deficiency and depression in obese adults: NHANES 2009-2018.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- A study of mental health status and its influencing factors in normal weight obesity population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nutritional interventions for late-life depression: evidence, mechanisms, and clinical assessment tools.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Plasma vitamin D binding protein as the potential predictor of depressive disorder risk in breast cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Current Insight into Biological Markers of Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of Sexual Dysfunction, Vitamin D, and Thyroid Levels with Suicidal Behavior Among Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Association between circulating micronutrient pattern, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Observational
- Association of Vitamin D with Suicide Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2023Review
- The Effect of Vitamin D Adequacy on Thyroid Hormones and Inflammatory Markers after Bariatric Surgery.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in depressed patients with suicidal behavior: A systematic review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Review
- Vitamin D in Depression: A Potential Bioactive Agent to Reduce Suicide and Suicide Attempt Risk.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreased inflammation is reported in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which may be more pronounced in suicidal subjects. Vitamin D deficiency may drive this pro-inflammatory state due to vitamin D's anti-inflammatory effects.
methodsWe quantified plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and other inflammatory indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and white blood cell count (WBC) in 48 un-medicated MDD subjects (n = 17 with mild-to-moderate suicidal ideation [SI]) and 54 controls. IL-6 and TNF-α were combined into a composite inflammation score.
resultsThere were no significant differences in 25(OH)D levels between MDD and controls (p = 0.24) or between MDD with and without SI (p = 0.61). However, 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with all measured inflammatory markers; these correlations were stronger in MDD subjects, and particularly in those with SI. MDD status significantly moderated the relationships between 25(OH)D and NLR (p = 0.03), and 25(OH)D and WBC (p < 0.05), and SI significantly moderated the relationship between 25(OH)D and NLR (p = 0.03). LIMITATIONS: The study was cross-sectional, thereby limiting causal inference, and had a small sample size. Only seventeen of the MDD subjects had SI.
conclusionWhile 25(OH)D levels did not significantly differ in MDD vs. controls, or in MDD with or without SI, lower 25(OH)D was associated with indices of immune activation in MDD, especially in cases with SI. Although our findings do not address causality, they are consistent with findings that relatively low 25(OH)D levels in MDD are associated with a pro-inflammatory state.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.