ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2020
"I cannot live without my vape": Electronic cigarette user-identified indicators of vaping dependence.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- What is the Addictive Potential from Vaping?Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- Perspectives, motivations, and experiences of adolescents and young adults using nicotine vapes: a qualitative review.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Reactions to a Hypothetical Ban of Open-System Electronic Cigarettes Among People Who Currently Use Electronic Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Barriers to glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists used for obesity management among the general population in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia, and their relation to smoking cessation and antidepressants.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Exploring the effect of nicotine pouches on users' health in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Novel Measure of Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal for Use With Adolescents and Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Developing a Vape Shop-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention: A Delphi Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Targeting GLP-1 receptors to reduce nicotine use disorder: Preclinical and clinical evidence.Physiology & behavior · 2024Review
- Interest in quitting e-cigarette use by device type and smoking history in US adults.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Uncontrolled vaping and restraint strategies: A qualitative study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Article
- A Machine Learning Approach Reveals Distinct Predictors of Vaping Dependence for Adolescent Daily and Non-Daily Vapers in the COVID-19 Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of Dependence Measures for Exclusive Electronic Cigarette Users.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Predictors of electronic cigarette dependence among non-smoking electronic cigarette users: User behavior and device characteristics.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Electronic Cigarette Users' Reactions and Responses to a Hypothetical Nicotine Concentration Reduction in Electronic Cigarette Liquids.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) dependence among Texas Young Adults, 2014-2019: Increasing trajectory after the 2017 surge in vape pod popularity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Electronic cigarette users' reactions and responses to a hypothetical ban of flavoured electronic cigarette liquids.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Increased JUUL Emissions from Initial Puffs after Removing and Reinserting Pod.Chemical research in toxicology · 2022Article
- E-cigarette device and liquid characteristics and E-cigarette dependence: A pilot study of pod-based and disposable E-cigarette users.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Characterizing symptoms of e-cigarette dependence: a qualitative study of young adults.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLimited research has examined indicators of electronic cigarette (ECIG) dependence. Researchers have adapted ECIG dependence measures from cigarette smoking dependence measures, but few have examined unique aspects of ECIG dependence. This study used concept mapping, a mixed-methods approach to examine ECIG user-identified indicators of ECIG dependence.
methodsIn 2019, we recruited current ECIG users (n = 75; 52.9 % women; mean age = 33.2, SD = 9.9) from 25 states to complete an online study. Participants completed a brief survey and brainstormed statements (n = 216) completing the prompt: "Something specific that makes me think I am addicted to using my electronic cigarette/vaping device is…" After duplicate content was removed, participants sorted the final list of 93 statements by content similarity and rated statements on how true statements were for them (1 - Definitely NOT true to 7 - Definitely true). Multidimensional scaling analysis identified ECIG dependence thematic clusters.
resultsWe identified ten themes: Craving, Negative Affect, Vaping as a Necessity, Therapeutic Effects, Preparedness, Attachment to Device, Impact on Daily Activity, Physical Withdrawal Symptoms, Monetary Cost, and Shame or Embarrassment. Those who had higher ECIG dependence scores and those who reported more frequent ECIG use had higher mean cluster ratings than those with lower ECIG dependence scores and who reported less frequent ECIG use. (ps<.05).
conclusionsECIG dependence has similarities to cigarette smoking dependence, but dependence indicators appear to be unique to ECIG use. Health professionals and the public should be aware of ECIG dependence risk and indicators.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.