ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2020
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the northeast of the United States: results of a case-control study.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Guideline for stratified screening and surveillance of primary liver cancer(2020 Edition)].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2021Guideline
- Deficiency of PTEN Confers Hypersensitivity to Fatty Acid-Mediated ER Stress in Transformed Hepatocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in Southeast Louisiana: a matched case-control study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- High Plasma Alpha-Fetoprotein Level Is Associated With Early Postoperative Complications in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Southern Vietnam During 2018-2023: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- What can claims data tell us about risk factors and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma? Insights from a German population-based study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma methylation markers in salivary DNA.Bioscience reports · 2024Article
- Trends in liver cancer mortality in China from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Enhancing HCC Treatment: innovatively combining HDAC2 inhibitor with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- The Effect of Aspirin Use on Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma-An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2023Review
- Molecular Ultrasound Imaging Depicts the Modulation of Tumor Angiogenesis by Acetylsalicylic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- CAXII inhibitors: Potential sensitizers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in HCC treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin for Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2022Article
- Statin and aspirin for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: Time to use or wait further?Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2022Review
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Association of Aspirin With Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Prediction in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort: A Machine Learning Approach.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2022Article
- Oral Cyanobacteria and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Gold-based nanoparticles realize photothermal and photodynamic synergistic treatment of liver cancer and improve the anaerobic tumor microenvironment under near-infrared light.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Genetic susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in chromosome 22q13.31, findings of a genome-wide association study.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2021Article
- Association between socioeconomic status and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHCC incidence has been continuously rising in the US for the past 30 years. To understand the increase in HCC risk, we conducted a case-control study in Connecticut, New Jersey and part of New York City.
methodsThrough rapid case ascertainment and random digit dialing, we recruited 673 incident HCC patients and 1,166 controls. Information on demographic and anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle factors, medical and family cancer histories, were ascertained through telephone interviews using a structured questionnaire. Saliva specimens were collected for testing hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. Unconditional logistic regression models were utilized to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to determine HCC associations with risk factors.
resultsThe study confirmed that HCV infection and obesity were important risk factors for HCC, ORs 110 (95% CI 59.2-204) and 2.13 (95% CI 1.52-3.00), respectively. High BMI and HCV infection had synergy in association with elevated HCC risk. Patients both obese and infected with HCV had HCC detected on average nearly 10 years earlier than those with neither factor. Diabetes, cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol intake were all associated with increased risk of HCC, whereas aspirin and other NSAID use were associated with reduced risk. HCC cases tended to attain less education, with lower household incomes, unmarried, and to have had more sexual partners than the controls.
conclusionsIndividuals at risk of HCC in the US comprise a unique population with low socioeconomic status and unhealthy lifestyle choices. Given the multifactorial nature, a comprehensive approach is needed in HCC prevention.
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