ArticleClinical oral investigations2020
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 1 diabetic children with gingivitis.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Mediators in the Oral Fluids and Blood Samples of Type 1 Diabetic Patients, According to Periodontal Status-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Oral health and salivary inflammatory markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Analysis of MMP-8, MMP-20, and TGF-β1 in molar-incisor hypomineralization and assessment of periodontal health.BMC oral health · 2025Observational
- Relation Between the Negative Cognitive Triad, Perceived Everyday Discrimination, Depressive Symptoms, and TNF-⍺ in Adolescents.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Article
- Investigating the Interplay: Periodontal Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Current scientific evidence for why periodontitis should be included in diabetes management.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2023Article
- Article
- Salivary levels of hBDs in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and gingivitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Article
- Type 1 diabetes and periodontal disease: a literature review.Canadian journal of dental hygiene : CJDH = Journal canadien de l'hygiene dentaire : JCHD · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in gingival crevicular fluid of diabetic children with gingivitis. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-eight children (44 with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 44 systemically healthy) were recruited for the study. The children were divided into four subgroups based on their periodontal and systemic condition: (1) systemically and periodontally healthy children (H), (2) systemically healthy children with gingivitis (G), (3) periodontally healthy children with T1DM (T1DM + H), and (4) children with T1DM and gingivitis (T1DM + G). The plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and GCF volume were recorded. The IL-18 and TNF-α levels in GCF were determined by ELISA.
resultsThe clinical periodontal parameters, GCF IL-18 level, and TNF-α level were similar between diabetic and systemically healthy children (p > 0.05). The gingivitis subgroups had a significantly higher GI, PI, PPD, GCF volume, and TNF-α total amounts than the H subgroups (p < 0.0001). The IL-18 concentrations in the gingivitis subgroups were significantly lower than in the periodontally healthy subgroups.
conclusionsIn diabetic children with good metabolic control, T1DM did not affect the GCF levels of IL-18 and TNF-α in the presence of gingivitis. However, increased GCF TNF-α levels in children with gingivitis confirm that TNF-α is closely related to gingival inflammation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is not associated with GCF interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in children with gingivitis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.