ArticleScientific reports2020
Inhibition of autophagic flux differently modulates cannabidiol-induced death in 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell cultures.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocannabinoid System as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Mechanistic study of the cytotoxicity of cannabidiol and its metabolites in HepG2 cells.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Opposing Effects of Cannabidiol in Patient-derived Neuroendocrine Tumor, Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Primary Cultures.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Engineering cannabidiol synergistic carbon monoxide nanocomplexes to enhance cancer therapyActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Article
- The role of Cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabivarin to overcome doxorubicin resistance in MDA-MB-231 xenografts in athymic nude mice.Biochimie · 2023Article
- Article
- Cannabinoids as Prospective Anti-Cancer Drugs: Mechanism of Action in Healthy and Cancer Cells.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Role of Cannabidiol for Improvement of the Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: Potential and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cannabinoids as anticancer drugs: current status of preclinical research.British journal of cancer · 2022Review
- Cannabidiol and Other Phytocannabinoids as Cancer Therapeutics.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Cannabidiol inhibits human glioma by induction of lethal mitophagy through activating TRPV4.Autophagy · 2021Article
- Review
- Cannabidiol Μay Prolong Survival in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cancer diagnosis & prognosisArticle
Corrections and comments
- Correction · 2021-09-14Error in Image · Updated to Retraction ·
- Retraction · 2024-01-16Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Investigation by Company/Institution · Objections by Author(s) · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s) ·
- Erratum issued
- Retracted
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is the major treatment modality for human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBMs eventually relapse after treatment and the average survival of GBM patients is less than two years. There is some evidence that cannabidiol (CBD) can induce cell death and increases the radiosensitivity of GBM by enhancing apoptosis. Beside initiation of death, CBD has been demonstrated as an inducer of autophagy. In the present study, we address the question whether CBD simultaneously induces a protective effect in GBM by upregulating autophagy. Addition of chloroquine that suppressed autophagic flux to 2D GBM cultures increased CBD-induced cell death, presenting proof for the protective autophagy. Blockage of autophagy upregulated radiation-induced cytotoxicity but only modestly affected the levels of cell death in CBD- or CBD/γ-irradiated 3D GBM cultures. Furthermore, CBD enhanced the pro-apoptotic activities of JNK1/2 and MAPK p38 signaling cascades while partially downregulated the pro-survival PI3K-AKT cascade, thereby changing a balance between cell death and survival. Suppression of JNK activation partially reduced CBD-induced cell death in 3D GBM cultures. In contrast, co-treatment of CBD-targeted cells with inhibitors of PI3K-AKT-NF-κB, IKK-NF-κB or JAK2-STAT3 pathways killed surviving GBM cells in both 2D and 3D cultures, potentially improving the therapeutic ratio of GBM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.