Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32059685›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2020

A willow sex chromosome reveals convergent evolution of complex palindromic repeats.

Ran Zhou, David Macaya-Sanz, Craig H Carlson, Jeremy Schmutz, Jerry W Jenkins, David Kudrna, Aditi Sharma, Laura Sandor, Shengqiang Shu, Kerrie Barry and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
16.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Identification of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Characterisation of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  6. Identification of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  7. Genome-Wide Identification of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. The Identification and Characterization of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.

Ran ZhouDepartment of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6057, USA.
David Macaya-SanzDepartment of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6057, USA.
Craig H CarlsonHorticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.
Jeremy SchmutzHudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Jerry W JenkinsHudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
David KudrnaArizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Aditi SharmaDepartment of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA.
Laura SandorDepartment of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA.
Shengqiang ShuDepartment of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA.
Kerrie BarryDepartment of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA.
Gerald A TuskanBiosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
Tao MaKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
Jianquan LiuKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
Matthew OlsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 43131, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3131, USA.
Lawrence B SmartHorticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.
Stephen P DiFazioDepartment of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6057, USA. spdifazio@mail.wvu.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4077-1590
Joint Genome Institute · USWest Virginia University · USCornell University · USSichuan University · CNHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology · USOak Ridge National Laboratory · USTexas Tech University · USUniversity of Arizona · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSex chromosomes have arisen independently in a wide variety of species, yet they share common characteristics, including the presence of suppressed recombination surrounding sex determination loci. Mammalian sex chromosomes contain multiple palindromic repeats across the non-recombining region that show sequence conservation through gene conversion and contain genes that are crucial for sexual reproduction. In plants, it is not clear if palindromic repeats play a role in maintaining sequence conservation in the absence of homologous recombination.

resultsHere we present the first evidence of large palindromic structures in a plant sex chromosome, based on a highly contiguous assembly of the W chromosome of the dioecious shrub Salix purpurea. The W chromosome has an expanded number of genes due to transpositions from autosomes. It also contains two consecutive palindromes that span a region of 200 kb, with conspicuous 20-kb stretches of highly conserved sequences among the four arms that show evidence of gene conversion. Four genes in the palindrome are homologous to genes in the sex determination regions of the closely related genus Populus, which is located on a different chromosome. These genes show distinct, floral-biased expression patterns compared to paralogous copies on autosomes.

conclusionThe presence of palindromes in sex chromosomes of mammals and plants highlights the intrinsic importance of these features in adaptive evolution in the absence of recombination. Convergent evolution is driving both the independent establishment of sex chromosomes as well as their fine-scale sequence structure.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularInverted Repeat SequencesChromosomes, PlantGene ConversionSalixSex ChromosomesGene conversionGenomePalindromeSalixSexW chromosome

Identifiers

PMID32059685
PMCPMC7023750
OpenAlexW3006857885

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.