SynthesisClinical and translational science2020
Clinical Trial Generalizability Assessment in the Big Data Era: A Review.
Synthesis in Clinical and translational science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Early Predictors of the Childhood Dysregulation Profile: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Different arts-based interventions for depression and anxiety in college students: a network meta-analysis of rigorous randomized controlled trials.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Cetylpyridinium Chloride Compared to Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Scores of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.International journal of dental hygiene · 2025Pooled it
- Antimicrobial Efficacy of Nd:YAG Laser in Polymicrobial Root Canal Infections: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Implementation of Web-Based Psychosocial Interventions for Adults With Acquired Brain Injury and Their Caregivers: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of applying inclusion and exclusion criteria of phase III clinical trials to multiple sclerosis patients in routine clinical care.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2021Trial
- [Diagnostic transitions in adolescent inpatients with mental disorders: a retrospective cohort study].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Phytocompounds with immunomodulatory activities: mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and clinical prospects.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Adjustment set selection for estimating optimal treatment rules under confounding.Psychological methods · 2026Article
- Does inhaled nitric oxide treatment of pulmonary hypertension in extremely premature infants improve patient outcomes?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- A novel digital twin strategy to examine the implications of randomized clinical trials for real-world populations.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Factors associated with enrollment in a randomized clinical trial of docosahexaenoic supplementation in toddlers born preterm.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2026Article
- Real-World Cardiovascular Research Using the German IQVIA Disease Analyzer Database: Methods, Evidence, and Limitations (2000-2025).Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence Meets Nail Diagnostics: Emerging Image-Based Sensing Platforms for Non-Invasive Disease Detection.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Early surgery vs. conservative management for traumatic intracerebral hematoma: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.Brain & spine · 2026Review
- Determinants of publication likelihood and timeliness for clinical studies.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Applicability of guideline-informing lipid-lowering clinical trials to contemporary real-world patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2025Article
- [Generalisability of Phase III Clinical Trials Using the Example of Two German Multiple Sclerosis Registries].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2025Article
- A Sensitivity Analysis Framework Using the Proxy Pattern-Mixture Model for Generalization of Experimental Results.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical studies, especially randomized, controlled trials, are essential for generating evidence for clinical practice. However, generalizability is a long-standing concern when applying trial results to real-world patients. Generalizability assessment is thus important, nevertheless, not consistently practiced. We performed a systematic review to understand the practice of generalizability assessment. We identified 187 relevant articles and systematically organized these studies in a taxonomy with three dimensions: (i) data availability (i.e., before or after trial (a priori vs. a posteriori generalizability)); (ii) result outputs (i.e., score vs. nonscore); and (iii) populations of interest. We further reported disease areas, underrepresented subgroups, and types of data used to profile target populations. We observed an increasing trend of generalizability assessments, but < 30% of studies reported positive generalizability results. As a priori generalizability can be assessed using only study design information (primarily eligibility criteria), it gives investigators a golden opportunity to adjust the study design before the trial starts. Nevertheless, < 40% of the studies in our review assessed a priori generalizability. With the wide adoption of electronic health records systems, rich real-world patient databases are increasingly available for generalizability assessment; however, informatics tools are lacking to support the adoption of generalizability assessment practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.