ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2020
Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus: mechanisms in rheumatology.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 132 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined With Tacrolimus for Steroid Tapering in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Prospective, Random Control, Open-label, Single Center Clinical Trial
The Efficacy and Safety of Combining Mycophenolate Mofetil With Methimazole on Remission of Newly Diagnosis Graves' Disease (3M-RGD Trial): an Open-label, Randomized Trial
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycophenolate and azathioprine efficacy in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence of serious infections in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis receiving immunosuppressive therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Perioperative management of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for patients undergoing elective spine surgery: a systematic review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Pooled it
- Mycophenolate Mofetil and New-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Impacts of exposure to topical calcineurin inhibitors on metabolism in vitiligo infants.Pediatric research · 2023Trial
- Infection risk in sarcoidosis patients treated with methotrexate compared to azathioprine: A retrospective 'target trial' emulated with Swedish real-world data.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2021Trial
- Disease modification in lupus nephritis: towards a pathophysiology-based treatment paradigm.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Biologicals, small-molecular agents, and cell-depleting therapies coming to the clinic.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Real-world use of novel β-lactams in immunologically vulnerable patients: insights from an Italian retrospective cohort.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Autoreactive B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: insights from integrative multi-omics analyses.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Immunosuppression and vascular remodeling after liver transplantation: Mechanisms, surrogate markers, and modifiable pathways.World journal of transplantation · 2026Review
- Does Voclosporin Redefine Lupus Nephritis Treatment? A Tri-Focal View of Efficacy, Safety, and Costs.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetic Covariates Influencing Mycophenolate Area Under the Curve in a Danish Renal Transplant Population.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Microglia-independent rAAV-induced inflammation causes persistent ocular immune dysregulation rescued by S1P receptor modulation.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Clinical Management of Antirheumatic Drug Exposure During Therapeutic Plasma Exchange.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Pharmacological, Natural and Emerging Therapies for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review.Drugs · 2026Review
- Article
- Approach to the patient: therapeutic mitigation of lacrimal manifestations in thyroid eye disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Interference of Immunosuppressive Therapies with Cellular Antimicrobial Activity AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The introduction of biologic DMARDs into rheumatology has resulted in a substantial reduction of the burden of many rheumatic diseases. In the slipstream of the success achieved with these biologic DMARDs, some conventional immunosuppressive drugs have also found use in new indications. Notably, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus have made their way from solid organ transplantation drugs to become useful assets in rheumatology practice. Mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine inhibit the purine pathway and subsequently diminish cell proliferation. Both drugs have a pivotal role in the treatment of various rheumatic diseases, including lupus nephritis. Tacrolimus inhibits lymphocyte activation by inhibiting the calcineurin pathway. Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus are, among other indications, increasingly being recognized as useful drugs in the treatment of interstitial lung disease in systemic rheumatic diseases and skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. A broad array of trials with mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and/or tacrolimus are ongoing within the field of rheumatology that might provide further novel avenues for the use of these drugs. In this Review, we discuss the historical perspective, pharmacodynamics, clinical indications and novel avenues for mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus in rheumatology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.