ArticleThe pharmacogenomics journal2020
Combining clinical and candidate gene data into a risk score for azathioprine-associated leukopenia in routine clinical practice.
Article in The pharmacogenomics journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between genetically predicted expression of TPMT and azathioprine adverse events.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Examination of the TPMT and NUDT15*3 Variants to Predict the Response to Thiopurines in an Italian Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Expanding scope of genetic studies in the era of biobanks.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Polygenic Models for Predicting Drug Outcomes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Observational
- Precision medicine for rheumatologists: lessons from the pharmacogenomics of azathioprine.Clinical rheumatology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Leukopenia is a serious, frequent side effect associated with azathioprine use. Currently, we use thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) testing to predict leukopenia in patients taking azathioprine. We hypothesized that a risk score incorporating additional clinical and genetic variables would improve the prediction of azathioprine-associated leukopenia. In the discovery phase, we developed four risk score models: (1) age, sex, and TPMT metabolizer status; (2) model 1 plus additional clinical variables; (3) sixty candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms; and (4) model 2 plus model 3. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) of the risk scores was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.54-0.64), 0.75 (0.71-0.80), 0.66 (0.61-0.71), and 0.78 (0.74-0.82) for models 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. During the replication phase, models 2 and 4 (AUC = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.59-0.70 and AUC = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.58-0.69, respectively) were significant in an independent group. Compared with TPMT testing alone, additional genetic and clinical variables improve the prediction of azathioprine-associated leukopenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.