ArticleBMC plant biology2020
Higher growth of the apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit cortex is supported by resource intensive metabolism during early development.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multidimensional Evaluation of Fruit Color Differentiation inInternational journal of food science · 2026Article
- Integrative Multi-Omics Reveals Quality Markers and Metabolic Pathways Across Genotype and Ripening Gradients in High-AltitudeFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Growth regulation during early fruit development in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.): a temporal event map of transcriptome and phytohormone changes.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Apple fruitlet physiological characteristics and their influence on diffuse visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.Annals of botany · 2025Article
- Sustained carbon import supports sugar accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit development and ripening in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Synthesis of active cytokinins mediated by LONELY GUY is associated with cell production during early fruit growth in peach [Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Research Progress and Trends in Metabolomics of Fruit Trees.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Source-sink manipulations differentially affect carbon and nitrogen dynamics, fruit metabolites and yield of Sacha Inchi plants.BMC plant biology · 2021Article
- Autophagy Is Required for Strawberry Fruit Ripening.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe major fleshy tissues of the apple fruit are spatially separable into cortex and pith. These tissues display differential growth during development. Key features of such differential growth, and sink metabolic programs supporting it have not been investigated previously. We hypothesized that differential growth between these fruit tissues is supported by differential sink metabolic programs, particularly during early development. Growth, metabolite concentrations, and transcript abundance of metabolism-related genes were measured to determine characteristics of differential growth and their underlying metabolic programs.
resultsThe cortex displayed > 5-fold higher growth than the pith during early fruit development, indicating that differential growth was established during this period. Further, when resource availability was increased through sink-removal, cortex growth was preferentially enhanced. Greatest diversity in metabolic programs between these tissues was evident during early fruit development. Higher cortex growth during early development was facilitated by increased catabolism of imported carbon (C) resources, sorbitol and sucrose, and the nitrogen (N) resource, asparagine. It was also associated with enhanced primary C metabolism, and C storage as malate and quinate. The pith metabolic program during this period involved limited allocation of C and N to growth, but greater allocation to storage, and enhanced sucrose-sucrose cycling.
conclusionsTogether, these data indicate that the fruit cortex tissue displays a resource intensive metabolic program during early fruit development. This provides the C backbones, proteins, energy and osmolytes to support its higher growth.
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