ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Long-Acting FGF21 Inhibits Retinal Vascular Leakage in In Vivo and In Vitro Models.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship of fibroblast growth factor 21, Klotho, and diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exerkines in diabetic retinopathy: from mechanisms to therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Potential Biomarkers of Immune Regulation in Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The potential role of adipokines and hepatokines in age-related ocular diseases.Metabolism open · 2025Review
- Investigation of Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorder in the Aging FGF21 Knockout Mouse.Inflammation · 2024Article
- Review
- FGF21 via mitochondrial lipid oxidation promotes physiological vascularization in a mouse model of Phase I ROP.Angiogenesis · 2023Article
- Endothelial Cell Transcytosis Assay as an In Vitro Model to Evaluate Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Permeability.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- LECT2 Ameliorates Blood-Retinal Barrier Impairment Secondary to Diabetes Via Activation of the Tie2/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Hepatic FGF21: Its Emerging Role in Inter-Organ Crosstalk and Cancers.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Review
- PPARα Modulation-Based Therapy in Central Nervous System Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Pemafibrate Prevents Retinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Unilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Fenofibrate Protects against Retinal Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Common Carotid Artery Occlusion-Induced Ocular Ischemia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Glycolysis is integral to histamine-induced endothelial hyperpermeability.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Beyond the Liver: Liver-Eye Communication in Clinical and Experimental Aspects.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- PPARα Agonist Oral Therapy in Diabetic Retinopathy.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Pemafibrate Protects Against Retinal Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- An Ex Vivo Choroid Sprouting Assay of Ocular Microvascular Angiogenesis.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2020Article
- Wnt signaling activates MFSD2A to suppress vascular endothelial transcytosis and maintain blood-retinal barrier.Science advances · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on retinal vascular leakage utilizing machine learning and to clarify the mechanism underlying the protection. To assess the effect on retinal vascular leakage, C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with long-acting FGF21 analog or vehicle (Phosphate Buffered Saline; PBS) intraperitoneally (i.p.) before induction of retinal vascular leakage with intravitreal injection of mouse (m) vascular endothelial growth factor 164 (VEGF164) or PBS control. Five hours after mVEGF164 injection, we retro-orbitally injected Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -dextran and quantified fluorescence intensity as a readout of vascular leakage, using the Image Analysis Module with a machine learning algorithm. In FGF21- or vehicle-treated primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), cell permeability was induced with human (h) VEGF165 and evaluated using FITC-dextran and trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Western blots for tight junction markers were performed. Retinal vascular leakage in vivo was reduced in the FGF21 versus vehicle- treated mice. In HRMECs in vitro, FGF21 versus vehicle prevented hVEGF-induced increase in cell permeability, identified with FITC-dextran. FGF21 significantly preserved TEER compared to hVEGF. Taken together, FGF21 regulates permeability through tight junctions; in particular, FGF21 increases Claudin-1 protein levels in hVEGF-induced HRMECs. Long-acting FGF21 may help reduce retinal vascular leakage in retinal disorders and machine learning assessment can help to standardize vascular leakage quantification.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.