SynthesisToxins2020
Use of Botulinum Toxin in Orofacial Clinical Practice.
Synthesis in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Preliminary Findings of the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Retrospective Evaluation Of The Effect Of Botulinum Toxin-A Injection Applied To The Mental Muscle On Free Gingival Graft Operation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Trial
- Perception of patients with temporomandibular disorders of the effects of botulinum toxin application: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Observational
- Article
- Review
- Subcutaneous Incobotulinumtoxin-A for Refractory Central Post-Stroke Neuropathic Pain: A Report of Two Cases.Toxins · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Review
- Unraveling Botulinum Neurotoxin A Light-Chain-Induced Signaling Pathways: A Phosphoproteomic Analysis in a Controlled Cellular Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Spin Bias in randomized controlled trials of botulinum toxin for bruxism management: a meta-epidemiologic study.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Article
- Botulinum toxin treatment for hemifacial spasm: harmonising neurological and aesthetic outcomes.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Myospasm and Fasciculation After Botulinum Toxin Injection.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
- Article
- Modern Approaches to the Treatment of Acute Facial Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Clinical and electroencephalographic correlates of carbamazepine-associated hiccups in epileptic patients.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Botulinum Toxin Type A and Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Clinical Application and Indications.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2024Review
- Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Temporomandibular Symptoms Associated with Sleep Bruxism: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBotulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a potent biological toxin and powerful therapeutic tool for a growing number of clinical orofacial applications. BoNT relaxes striated muscle by inhibiting acetylcholine's release from presynaptic nerve terminals, blocking the neuromuscular junction. It also has an antinociceptive effect on sensory nerve endings, where BoNT and acetylcholine are transported axonally to the central nervous system. In dentistry, controlled clinical trials have demonstrated BoNT's efficiency in pathologies such as bruxism, facial paralysis, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, neuropathic pain, sialorrhea, dystonia and more.
aimThis study's aim was to conduct a systematic literature review to assess the most recent high-level clinical evidence for BoNT's efficacy and for various protocols (the toxin used, dilution, dosage and infiltration sites) used in several orofacial pathologies. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe systematically searched the MedLine database for research papers published from 2014 to 2019 with randomly allocated studies on humans. The search included the following pathologies: bruxism, dislocation of the TMJ, orofacial dystonia, myofascial pain, salivary gland disease, orofacial spasm, facial paralysis, sialorrhea, Frey syndrome and trigeminal neuralgia.
resultsWe found 228 articles, of which only 20 met the inclusion criteria: bruxism (four articles), orofacial dystonia (two articles), myofascial pain (one article), salivary gland disease (one article), orofacial spasm (two articles), facial paralysis (three articles), sialorrhea (four articles) or trigeminal neuralgia (three articles). DISCUSSION: The clinical trials assessed showed variations in the dosage, application sites and musculature treated. Thus, applying BoNT can reduce symptoms related to motor muscular activity in the studied pathologies efficiently enough to satisfy patients. We did not identify the onset of any important side effects in the literature reviewed. We conclude that treatment with BoNT seems a safe and effective treatment for the reviewed pathologies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.