ArticlePloS one2020
The burden of pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among MDR-TB patients in the Amhara region, Ethiopia.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis prevalence among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections among pulmonary tuberculosis suspected and confirmed patients in Ethiopia - A systematic review and meta analyses.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Pooled it
- Drug resistance and its risk factors among extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Evaluating Treatment and Safety Outcomes of a Shorter Regimen for Drug-Resistant TB in Nigeria: An Implementation Research Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Pattern and predictors of drug resistance and treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients at the centers of programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Lahore, Pakistan.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections among patients with suspected or confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.IJID regions · 2025Review
- Emergence of extensively and pan-drug resistance in clinical bacterial isolates: A systematic scoping review from Ethiopian public health perspective.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its associated factors among tuberculosis patients attending Dilla university referral hospital, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Magnitude, predictors, and trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients at Debre Markos, Northwest, Ethiopia: a five-year retrospective study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis mortality and drug resistance among patients under TB treatment before and during COVID-19 in Burundi: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Genotypic analysis of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ghana: Insights into pre-XDR and XDR-TB.PloS one · 2025Article
- Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: A Study of Patients' Characteristics in Selected Healthcare Facilities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients treated at healthcare facilities of Motta Town, Northwest Ethiopia: a five-year retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evolution of Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis.Clinics and practice · 2024Review
- Article
- Epidemiology of multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in the western region of Kenya.AIMS microbiology · 2024Article
- Spiritual Holy Water Sites in Ethiopia: Unrecognized High-Risk Settings for Transmission of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.International journal of microbiology · 2024Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe emergence of pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre-XDR/XDR-TB) is the major hurdle for TB prevention and care programs especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. The less emphasis on universal access to laboratory techniques for the rapid diagnosis of TB and drug susceptibility testing (DST) makes the management of MDR-TB a challenge. Early detection of second line anti-TB drugs resistance is essential to reduce transmission of Pre-XDR/XDR-TB strains and adjusting the treatment regimen in MDR-TB.
objectiveTo determine the prevalence and resistance pattern of Pre-XDR- and XDR-TB among MDR-TB patients in the Amhara region, Ethiopia.
methodsA cross sectional study was carried out in nine MDR-TB treatment centers in the Amhara region. Sputum samples were collected from all pulmonary rifampicin resistant (RR) or MDR-TB patients prior to anti-TB treatment. Lӧwenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture, Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) smear, MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl assays were performed according to the standard procedures. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Chi-square and/or Fishers exact test was employed.
resultsOverall, 6.3% of MDR-TB isolates were resistant to at least one second line drugs. Pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB isolates accounted 5.7% and 0.6% respectively. Moreover, 3.4% were resistant to FQs and 3.4% were resistant to second line injectable drugs. All isolates were susceptible for low level kanamycin. Almost all pre-XDR-TB strains (90%) were previously treated with anti-TB drugs. Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were disproportionately distributed in districts of the Amhara region and the majorities were concentrated in urban areas.
conclusionsThe high proportion of MDR-TB patients resistant to at least one second line drug is alarming. Strengthening the laboratory facilities to monitor pre-XDR and XDR-TB patients is crucial. The TB programs need to give emphasis on the effective and rational use of second line drugs for newly diagnosed MDR-TB patients to prevent the emergence of pre-XDR/XDR-TB strains.
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