ArticleImmunology2020
HIV infection suppresses TLR3 activation-mediated antiviral immunity in microglia and macrophages.
Article in Immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydroxylation of the HIV-1 antisense protein promotes immune evasion of HIV-1 via modulation of TBK1.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Interferon-induced protein IFIT3 as a molecular nexus of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with antiviral, neuroimmune, and cardiometabolic proteomic profiles in people with HIV.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Activation of cytosolic DNA sensing in NCM460 intestinal epithelial cells induces antiviral factors that restrict HIV infection in macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrated Immuno and bioinformatics assisted novel epitope vaccine against HIV infection: a study based on complete genome.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Human Brain Organoids: Development and Applications.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Human Microglia Models for NeuroHIV.Viruses · 2025Review
- Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated regulation of TLRs: critical regulator of inflammation in tumor microenvironment.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- Evaluation of the TLR3 involvement during Schistosoma japonicum-induced pathology.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Interferon lambda in respiratory viral infection: immunomodulatory functions and antiviral effects in epithelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 inhibits HIV infection of human iPSC-derived microglia.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Activation of endogenous retrovirus triggers microglial immuno-inflammation and contributes to negative emotional behaviors in mice with chronic stress.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- A Rationale and Approach to the Development of Specific Treatments for HIV Associated Neurocognitive Impairment.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Microglia in antiviral immunity of the brain and spinal cord.Seminars in immunology · 2022Review
- Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The role of IFN-γ production during retroviral infections: an important cytokine involved in chronic inflammation and pathogenesis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2022Review
- Expression and mechanisms of interferon-stimulated genes in viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Landscape of IFN/ISG Signaling in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages and Its Possible Role in the HIV-1 Latency.Cells · 2021Review
- TLR7 Activation of Macrophages by Imiquimod Inhibits HIV Infection through Modulation of Viral Entry Cellular Factors.Biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Monocytic-lineage cells in the central nervous system (CNS), including microglia and brain resident macrophages, are the key players in the CNS innate immunity against viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, these cells also serve as the major targets and reservoirs for HIV in the CNS. To address the question of how HIV can establish persistent infection in the target cells in the CNS, we examined whether HIV has the ability to counteract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation-mediated antiviral immunity in microglia and macrophages. We observed that HIV latently infected microglial cells (HC69·5) expressed reduced levels of TLR3 and TLR3 activation-mediated interferons (IFN-α/β and IFN-λ) as compared with the uninfected control cells (C20). In addition, HIV infection of primary human macrophages suppressed the expression of TLR3 and the IFNs. HIV infection also inhibited the expression of the antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and the HIV-restriction miRNAs. Mechanistically, HIV infection inhibited the phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factors (IRF3 and IRF7) and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STAT1 and STAT3) in both HIV latently infected microglia and acutely infected macrophages. These findings provide previously unrecognized and sound mechanisms for HIV infection and persistence in the primary target and reservoir cells in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.