Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32052441›Full record

ArticleJournal of periodontology2020

Inflammatory biomarkers and growth factors in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and dual smokers: A pilot study.

Dongxia Ye, Sangeeta Gajendra, Gina Lawyer, Neelam Jadeja, Deepa Pishey, Srinivasa Pathagunti, Janet Lyons, Peter Veazie, Gene Watson, Scott McIntosh and 1 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of periodontology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. E-cigarette: a safe tool or a risk factor for oral cancer? A systematic review.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Dongxia YeEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Sangeeta GajendraEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Gina LawyerDepartment of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Neelam JadejaEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Deepa PisheyEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Srinivasa PathaguntiEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Janet LyonsEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Peter VeazieDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Gene WatsonEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Scott McIntoshDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Irfan RahmanDepartment of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
University of Rochester Medical Center · USEastman Chemical Company (United States) · US

Funding

WNY Center for Research on Flavored Tobacco Products (CRoFT)U54CA228110 · NCI · ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE CORP · PI GONIEWICZ, MACIEJ LUKASZ · 2018 to 2022
$19.8M
Inflammatory and Dysregulated Repair Responses to Inhaled NicotineR01HL135613 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI RAHMAN, IRFAN · 2017 to 2021
$2.7M
Molecular clock dysfunction in lung cellular senescence by environmental tobacco smokeR01ES029177 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI RAHMAN, IRFAN · 2019 to 2023
$1.7M
TOPOGRAPHY, CONSTITUENTS, AND TOXICITY OF WATERPIPE TOBACCO SMOKE UNDER REALISTIC CONDITIONSR01DA042470 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI RAHMAN, IRFAN, ROBINSON, RISA JEAN · 2016 to 2018
$1.1M
Molecular Clock Dysfunction in Lung Cellular Senescence by Environmental Tobacco SmokeR56ES027012 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI RAHMAN, IRFAN · 2017 to 2017
$154k
Center for Tobacco Products U54CA228110NCI NIH HHS U54 CA228110NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL135613NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA042470NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES029177NIEHS NIH HHS R56 ES027012NIH HHS 1R01HL135613
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCigarette smoking remains one of the leading public health threats worldwide. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) provide an alternative to conventional cigarette smoking; however, the evidence base of risks and benefits of e-cig use is new and growing. In this cross-sectional pilot study, the effect of e-cig use on biological profiles in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was assessed and compared with the profiles of cigarette smokers (CS), dual users, and non-users. The systemic inflammatory mediators between e-cig users (EC) and these other groups were also assessed.

methodsThis pilot cross-sectional study recruited volunteer participants consisting of four groups, non-smokers (NS), CS, EC, and dual EC and cigarette smokers (DS). Saliva and GCF samples were collected and analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, tissue injury and repair, and growth factors with immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex).

resultsSmoking status was confirmed via salivary cotinine. Prostaglandin E2 level was significantly increased in CS compared with EC and DS, but not significantly different in EC and DS groups compared with non-smokers (NS). Statistically significant differences were observed between groups of EC and NS (myeloperoxidase [MPO], matrix metalloproteinase-9) as well as between DS and EC for biomarkers of inflammatory mediators (receptor for advanced glycation end products [RAGE], MPO, uteroglobin/CC-10); between groups of DS and NS for extracellular newly identified RAGE binding protein and between CS and NS for MPO. No statistically significant differences in biomarkers of immunity (S100A8, S100A9, galectin-3), tissue injury and repair (Serpine1/PAI-1) and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, vascular endothelial growth factor, and others) were found between any of groups.

conclusionStatistically significant differences in measurable health outcomes were found between different smoking status groups, suggesting that smoking/vaping produces differential effects on oral health.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesGingival Crevicular FluidHumansPilot ProjectsSalivaSmokersVascular Endothelial Growth Factor ABiomarkersVascular Endothelial Growth Factor Abiomarkersgrowth factorsinflammation oxidative stressvaping

Identifiers

PMID32052441
PMCPMC9014419
OpenAlexW3006092928

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.