ArticleNature communications2020
Variant antigen diversity in Trypanosoma vivax is not driven by recombination.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Immunoproteomic Identification and Vaccine Assessment ofVaccines · 2026Article
- Evasive mechanisms of human VSG and PfEMP1 antigens with link to Vaccine scenario: a review.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Review
- Bioengineered 3D microvessels and complementary animal models reveal mechanisms of Trypanosoma congolense sequestration.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Trypanosoma vivax elicits both Th1 and Th2 immunological responses in experimentally infected cattle.PloS one · 2025Article
- Investigation ofCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of African trypanosomes: From laboratory models to clinically relevant hosts.Virulence · 2023Review
- Article
- Vivaxin genes encode highly immunogenic, non-variant antigens on the Trypanosoma vivax cell-surface.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of Trypanosoma congolense mouthpart parasites from naturally infected flies.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Paving the Way: Contributions of Big Data to Apicomplexan and Kinetoplastid Research.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Comparative Sensitivity and Specificity of the 7SL sRNA Diagnostic Test for Animal Trypanosomiasis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Genetic and immunological basis of human African trypanosomiasis.Current opinion in immunology · 2021Review
- Divergent metabolism between Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei results in differential sensitivity to metabolic inhibition.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor: A Linchpin for Cell Surface Versatility of Trypanosomatids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma) are vector-borne haemoparasites that survive in the vertebrate bloodstream through antigenic variation of their Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG). Recombination, or rather segmented gene conversion, is fundamental in Trypanosoma brucei for both VSG gene switching and for generating antigenic diversity during infections. Trypanosoma vivax is a related, livestock pathogen whose VSG lack structures that facilitate gene conversion in T. brucei and mechanisms underlying its antigenic diversity are poorly understood. Here we show that species-wide VSG repertoire is broadly conserved across diverse T. vivax clinical strains and has limited antigenic repertoire. We use variant antigen profiling, coalescent approaches and experimental infections to show that recombination plays little role in diversifying T. vivax VSG sequences. These results have immediate consequences for both the current mechanistic model of antigenic variation in African trypanosomes and species differences in virulence and transmission, requiring reconsideration of the wider epidemiology of animal African trypanosomiasis.
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Registered trials
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