ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2020
Brief Report: Sex Differences in Outcomes for Individuals Presenting for Third-Line Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral load suppression rate of third-line antiretroviral therapy and its association with gender among HIV patients after second-line treatment failure in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Predictors of virologic outcome among people living with HIV who continue a protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimen following virologic failure with no or limited resistance.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with Viral Suppression Among Adults with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Evaluating Quality of Life and Marital Contentment among Seroconcordant and Serodiscordant HIV-Infected Couples in Comparison to Non- HIV Couples.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2021Article
- Where are we with understanding of COVID-19?Advances in biological regulation · 2020Review
- Where are we with understanding of COVID-19?Advances in biological regulation · 2020Review
- Treatment Outcomes After Switching to Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy: Results From the Thai National Treatment Program.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 12 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSex differences in studies of antiretroviral (ART) drug exposure and treatment outcomes support the hypothesis that some ART combinations may not be well tolerated in women. We evaluated disparities in outcomes between men and women participating in ACTG A5288, an interventional strategy trial for individuals failing a protease inhibitor-based second-line ART regimen in low- and middle-income countries.
methodsParticipants were assigned to one of 4 cohorts (A-D) based on resistance profiles and ART history. Cohort A had no lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) resistance and stayed on their second-line regimen, and cohorts B, C, and D had increasing resistance and accessed novel ART regimens. In this secondary analysis, we evaluated sex differences in the primary endpoint, HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 48; confirmed virologic failure ≥1000 copies/mL (VF); and clinical outcomes and adverse events (intent-to-treat).
resultsWomen made up 258/545 (47%) of the study population. More women than men were assigned to cohort A. Median follow-up was 72 weeks. Fewer women than men had HIV-1 RNA ≤200 copies/mL at week 48: 39% vs. 49% in cohort A and 83% vs. 89% in cohorts B, C, and D combined. More women experienced VF, grade ≥3 signs and symptoms, but similar grade ≥3 diagnoses or laboratory abnormalities.
conclusionsMore women than men entered the study with a resistance profile suggesting that their second-line regimen could have been effective in maintaining virologic suppression. The more frequent occurrence of grade ≥3 signs and symptoms in women suggests that tolerability issues were under recognized in women on protease inhibitor-based therapy.
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Registered trials
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