ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2020
Frequency and Duration of Incarceration and Mortality Among US Veterans With and Without HIV.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized control trial of a combined community health worker and re-entry intervention for people with HIV recently released from jail who use substances.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Trial
- Considerations for Collecting Public Health Data on Justice-System Involvement.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2026Article
- Independent Relationship between Incarceration Factors and Glycemic Control in African Americans with Criminal Legal Involvement and Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2026Article
- Scoping review of military veterans involved in the criminal legal system and their health and healthcare: 5-year update and map to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model.Health & justice · 2024Article
- Relationship between criminal legal system exposure and health care utilization in US adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2023Article
- The Hidden Toll of Incarceration: Exploring the Link Between Incarceration Histories and Pain Among Older Adults in the United States.Innovation in aging · 2023Article
- Association Between Social Adaptability Index Score and Lifetime Criminal Legal Involvement in U.S. Adults.Health equity · 2022Article
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Communities and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Call to Break the Cycle of Structural Barriers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to incarceration is associated with increased risk of mortality, and HIV is cited as a leading cause of death. Yet, few studies have examined the association between incarceration and mortality among people with HIV (PWH), specifically whether and how increasing exposure to incarceration increases risk of mortality. We compared mortality by different incarceration exposures and HIV status.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of participants in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study from January 2011 to August 2017 (N = 5367). The primary exposure was incarceration by 3 measures: (1) any (ever/never); (2) frequency; and (3) cumulative duration. Stratifying by HIV status and controlling for age, race, and sex, we used Cox Proportional Hazard models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsIncarceration was associated with increased risk of mortality compared with those never incarcerated for PWH (AHR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.66) and those uninfected (AHR 1.24; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.54), but the association was only statistically significant among PWH. Increasing frequency of incarceration was associated with higher risk of mortality in both groups: for PWH, AHRs 1.13, 1.45, and 1.64 for 1, 2-5; 6+ times, respectively, for uninfected, AHRs 0.98, 1.35, and 1.70 for 1, 2-5, and 6+ times, respectively.
conclusionsPWH were at increased risk of mortality after incarceration, and repeated exposure to incarceration was associated with mortality in both groups in a dose-response fashion. This increased risk of mortality may be mitigated by improving transitional health care, especially HIV care, and reducing incarceration.
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