ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2020
Alcohol Policies in U.S. States, 1999-2018.
Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- State Alcohol Policies Most Strongly Associated With College Students' Drinking, Driving Risks, and Alcohol-Related Harm.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Prospective and cross-sectional associations of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with drinking and heavy drinking in mid-adulthood in a US national cohort.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- State Cannabis and Alcohol Policy Environments: Associations With College Students' Use of Cannabis, Alcohol, and Both Substances.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- More Restrictive State Alcohol Policies Are Associated With Lower Risk of Sexual Assault Victimization Among College Students.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Correspondence to letter to the editor on "Sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and subtype differences in alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States".Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- ZIP code-level alcohol outlet density and nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in 22 US metropolitan statistical areas: a multilevel modeling analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Oregon Adults' Cannabis and Alcohol Use: Associations With Local Cannabis Retail Access, 2014-2022.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of State-Level Alcohol Policies and Population Use Rates With Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking Among U.S. 4-Year College Students, 2008-2019.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Associations Between State Cannabis and Alcohol Policy Restrictiveness and College Students' Cannabis Use, Binge Drinking and Co-Use.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Rising burden of alcohol-associated liver disease and cancers: Insights into sex disparities and policy implications: Editorial on "Sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and subtype differences in alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States".Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Mediating role of psychological distress and alcohol use in socioeconomic disparities in deaths of despair: a causal mediation analysis using record linkage data.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease and subtype differences in alcohol-attributable cancers in the United States.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2025Article
- Effects of Expanding Direct-to-Consumer Alcohol Home Delivery Policies: Evidence From 18 States of Increases in Alcohol Use and Consequences.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- How do restrictions on opioid prescribing, harm reduction, and treatment coverage policies relate to opioid overdose deaths in the United States in 2013-2020? An application of a new state opioid policy scale.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Associations of sexual orientation and state-level antidiscrimination policy protections with alcohol, tobacco, and mental health outcomes in a U.S. sample of adolescents and adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Person- and Context-Level Moderators of State Alcohol Policy Environment Effects on Binge Drinking Among U.S. 4-Year College Students, 2008-2019.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Long-term trends in beverage-specific drinking in the National Alcohol Surveys: Differences by sex, age, and race and ethnicity.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Relationships Between Alcohol and Cannabis Policies in U.S. States, 1999-2019.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2024Article
- Area-Level Social Determinants of Alcohol-Related Mortality: Knowledge Gaps and Implications for Community Health.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2024Review
- State Cannabis Legalization and Psychosis-Related Health Care Utilization.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveU.S. policymakers and public health practitioners lack composite indicators (indices) to assess and compare the restrictiveness of state-level alcohol policy environments, conceptualized as the presence of multiple policies in effect in a particular place and time. The purposes of this study were to characterize the alcohol policy environment in each U.S. state and Washington, DC, in 2018, and to examine changes during the past 20 years.
methodState-specific Alcohol Policy Scale (APS) scores from 1999 to 2018 were based on 29 policies, after weighting each present policy by its efficacy and degree of implementation. Modified APS scores were also calculated on the basis of two sets of mutually exclusive policy subgroups.
resultsAPS scores in 2018 varied considerably between states, ranging from 25.6 to 67.9 on a theoretical scale of 0 to 100; the median score was 43.5 (based on a 0-100 range), and 43 states had scores less than 50. The median change in state APS scores from 1999 to 2018 was positive (+4.9, range: -7.4 to +10.3), indicating increases in the restrictiveness of policy environments, with decreases in only five states. The increases in APS scores were primarily attributable to the implementation of stronger impaired-driving laws, whereas policies to reduce excessive drinking were unchanged. There was no correlation between states' excessive drinking policy scores and their impaired-driving scores (r = .05, p = .74).
conclusionsBased on this policy scale, few states have restrictive policy environments. Although states adopted policies targeting impaired driving during the study period, there was no change in policies to reduce excessive drinking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32048602PMC7024811What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.