ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Evolving Epidemiology of Reported Giardiasis Cases in the United States, 1995-2016.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Giardiasis in Japan, the United States of America, and Europe from 2007 to 2023, highlighting a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Analysis of environmental risk factors, prevalence, and associated symptoms of Giardia intestinalis infection across age groups in Poland: a survey-based study.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Giardia duodenalis in domestic cats from the US and Canada: Prevalence and zoonotic potential.PloS one · 2026Article
- The history of giardiasis.Parasitology research · 2025Review
- Postinfectious Syndromes and Long-Term Sequelae after Giardia Infections.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Synthesis ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Transitioning from microscopy to PCR for protozoa in Norway - Impact on detection of protozoa and helminths: A register study.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Trichomoniasis and Other Sexually Transmitted Parasitic Diseases in Women.Clinical obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Review
- Using pet insurance claims to predict occurrence of vector-borne and zoonotic disease in humans in the United States.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Spiky Side of Urban Wildlife, First Detection of a Zoonotic Assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from Italy.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- Giardia lamblia risk factors and burden in children with acute gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan birth cohort.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Autochthonous and imported giardiasis cases: An analysis of two decades of national surveillance data, Germany, 2002 to 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Systematic Review of Diagnostic Approaches for Human Giardiasis: Unveiling Optimal Strategies.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Report ofBrazilian journal of veterinary medicine · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of giardiasis and assemblages A and B and effects on diarrhea and growth trajectories during the first 8 years of life: Analysis of a birth cohort in a rural district in tropical Ecuador.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- A shotgun metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiome in humans infected with Giardia duodenalis.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Lessons for the Clinical Nephrologist: Nephrotic syndrome associated with refractory Giardia duodenalis infection in a patient with acquired B cell depletion.Journal of nephrology · 2023Article
- Occurrence ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Genomic comparisons confirmFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Wastewater-based epidemiology-surveillance and early detection of waterborne pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2, Cryptosporidium and Giardia.Parasitology research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease of humans identified in the United States (US) and an important waterborne disease. In the United States, giardiasis has been variably reportable since 1992 and was made a nationally notifiable disease in 2002. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of US giardiasis cases from 1995 through 2016 using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data.
methodsNegative binomial regression models were used to compare incidence rates by age group (0-4, 5-9, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-64, and ≥ 65 years) during 3 time periods (1995-2001, 2002-2010, and 2011-2016).
resultsDuring 1995-2016, the average number of reported cases was 19 781 per year (range, 14 623-27 778 cases). The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased across all age groups. This decrease differs by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods (eg, changes to case definitions or reporting practices) or changes in exposure. Incidence rates in males and older age groups did not decrease to the same extent as rates in females and children.
conclusionsTrends suggest that differences in exposures by sex and age group are important to the epidemiology of giardiasis. Further investigation into the risk factors of populations with higher rates of giardiasis will support prevention and control efforts.
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